“…The main objective of antiretroviral therapy (ART) is to achieve and maintain an undetectable HIV viral load [1,2]. Effective ART prevents not only disease progression and immune system impairment [3], but also avoids the emergence of antiretroviral drug resistance, which may jeopardize long-term ART effectiveness [4]. Nevertheless, HIV viral rebound with low-level viraemia (LLV; 25-1,000 copies/ml) may occur in up to 20 to 40% of patients who achieve viral suppression with ART [5][6][7][8][9][10].…”