Time to Recovery of Severely Ill COVID-19 Patients and its Predictors: A Retrospective Cohort Study in Tigray, Ethiopia

Abstract

Background COVID-19 is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality and is caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). A patient infected with SARS-CoV-2 is said to be recovered from the infection following negative test results and when signs and symptoms disappear. Different studies have shown different median recovery time of patients with COVID-19 and it varies across settings and disease status. This study aimed to assess time to recovery and its predictors among severely ill COVID-19 patients in Tigray. Methods A total of 139 severely ill COVID-19 patients who were hospitalized between May 7, 2020 and October 28, 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Cox proportional hazard regression model was fitted to identify the risk factors associated with the time duration to recovery from severe COVID-19 illness. Results The median age of the patients was 35 years (IQR, 27–60). Eighty-three (59.7%) patients recovered with a median time of 26 days (95% CI: 23–27). The results from the multivariable analysis showed that the recovery time was lower for severely ill patients who had no underline comorbidity diseases (AHR=2.48, 95% CI: 1.18–5.24), shortness of breath (AHR=2.08, 95% CI: 1.07–3.98) and body weakness (AHR=2.62, 95% CI: 1.20–5.72). Moreover, COVID-19 patients aged younger than 40 years had lower recovery time compared to patients aged 60 and above (AHR=4.09, 95% CI: 1.58–10.61). Conclusion The median recovery time of severely ill COVID-19 patients was long, and older age, comorbidity, shortness of breath, and body weakness were significant factors related with the time to recovery among the severely ill COVID-19 patients. Therefore, we recommended that elders and individuals with at least one comorbidity disease have to get due attention to prevent infection by the virus. Moreover, attention should be given in the treatment practice for individuals who had shortness of breath and body weakness symptoms.

COVID-19 mortality rate and its determinants in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

“…Addis Ababa ( 52–54 ) and Harari ( 55 , 56 ), had three and two studies, respectively. Tigray ( 57 ) and Benshangul Gumz ( 58 ) each only had one study. The smallest and largest sample sizes observed in the Tigray ( 57 ) and Amhara regions ( 45 ) were 139 and 28,533, respectively.…”

“…Tigray ( 57 ) and Benshangul Gumz ( 58 ) each only had one study. The smallest and largest sample sizes observed in the Tigray ( 57 ) and Amhara regions ( 45 ) were 139 and 28,533, respectively. The lowest magnitude of COVID-19 mortality (1.2%) was recorded in the Oromia region ( 41 ), while the highest magnitude (63.3%) was recorded in Addis Ababa ( 53 ).…”