Time to recovery and its predictors following traumatic injuries among injured victims in Dessie Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, North East of Ethiopia, 2022: a retrospective follow-up study

Abstract

Background Injuries are an extremely important public health problem worldwide. Despite being largely preventable and despite government efforts, injuries continue to be a major public health issue. Thus, the study tends to evaluate the time to recovery and its predictors for traumatic injuries. Methods A hospital-based retrospective follow-up study was used. A total of 329 medical charts were actually reviewed. Traumatic injury victims from January 1, 2018–December 31, 2022 were included, and a simple random sampling technique was utilized. The data was gathered by reviewing medical charts. Data was coded and entered into Epi-Data Manager version 4.6.0.4 statistical software and further analyzed using STATA version 17. Descriptive statistics were performed to see the frequency distribution of variables. A Kaplan-Meier survival estimate and log rank test were performed to plot the overall survival curve and compare the difference in recovery among predictor categories, respectively. A model fitness test was done by using the Cox-Snell residual test and Harrell’s C concordance statistic. Finally, a Cox proportional hazard model was fitted to determine the effect of predictors on recovery time from traumatic injuries. Results The median time to recovery of traumatic injuries was 5 days (IQR: 3–10 days), with an overall incidence density of 8.77 per 100 person-days of observation. In the multivariable cox proportional regression model, variables such as being male (AHR: 0.384, 95%CI: 0.190–0.776, P-value: 0.008), the Glasgow coma scale of 13–15 (AHR: 2.563, 95%CI: 1.070–6.139, P-value: 0.035), intentional injury (AHR: 1.934, 95%CI: 1.03–3.632, P-value: 0.040), mild traumatic brain injury (AHR: 2.708, 95%CI: 1.095–6.698, P-value: 0.031), and moderate traumatic brain injury (AHR: 2.253, 95%CI: (1.033–4.911, P-value: 0.041) were statistically significant variables. Conclusions The median recovery time for traumatically injured respondents was 5 days. Independent predictors such as the Glasgow coma scale, time taken for surgical management, intent of injury, and traumatic brain injury were statistically significant with time to recovery from trauma.