Time to acknowledge the mixed effects of cannabis on health: a summary and critical review of the NASEM 2017 report on the health effects of cannabis and cannabinoids

Cousijn, Janna; Núñez, Adrián E.; Filbey, Francesca M.

doi:10.1111/add.14084

Cited by 40 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 35 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This study indicates the need for additional research and refinement of our understanding of Cannabis genetic structure and how those differences might impact Cannabis consumers. Although medicinal research on Cannabis has predominantly focused on THC and CBD 3,9,35–40 , it is becoming apparent that other chemical constituents in various combinations and abundances likely have important effects 9 . If researchers are solely interested in the effects of THC and CBD at known concentrations, then NIDA Cannabis could serve as a representative source, although in these cases, isolates of these molecules may be more appropriate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Phytochemicals of interest in Cannabis are primarily Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA) and cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), both of which require a decarboxylation conversion to the biologically active forms, THC and CBD, respectively. The United States is currently experiencing drastic changes in patterns of Cannabis use associated with widespread relaxation of laws that previously limited both medical and recreational marijuana consumption 3 and hemp cultivation. This has led to a need for extensive research into the basic biology and taxonomy of Cannabis sativa 4–8 , and the possible benefits and threats from Cannabis consumption 3,9 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Medical research on Cannabis primarily focuses on THC and CBD 3,9,35–40 , but there are hundreds of other chemical constituents in Cannabis 41 , including cannabinoids and terpenes, which have largely been ignored 9 . There is evidence to suggest that chemical constituents in various combinations and abundances work in concert to create the suite of physiological effects reported 9 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Research grade marijuana supplied by the National Institute on Drug Abuse is genetically divergent from commercially availableCannabis

et al. 2019

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Public comfort withCannabis(marijuana and hemp) has recently increased, resulting in previously strictCannabisregulations now allowing hemp cultivation, medical use, and in some states, recreational consumption. There is a growing interest in the potential medical benefits of the various chemical constituents produced by theCannabisplant. Currently, the University of Mississippi, funded through the National Institutes of Health/National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIH/NIDA), is the sole Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) licensed facility to cultivateCannabisfor research purposes. Hence, most federally funded research where participants consumeCannabisfor medicinal purposes relies on NIDA-supplied product. Previous research found that cannabinoid levels in research grade marijuana supplied by NIDA did not align with commercially availableCannabisfrom Colorado, Washington and California. Given NIDA chemotypes were misaligned with commercialCannabis, we sought to investigate where NIDA’s research grade marijuana falls on the genetic spectrum ofCannabisgroups. NIDA research grade marijuana was found to genetically group with Hemp samples along with a small subset of commercial drug-typeCannabis. A majority of commercially available drug-typeCannabiswas genetically very distinct from NIDA samples. These results suggest that subjects consuming NIDA research grade marijuana may experience different effects than average consumers.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Research grade marijuana supplied by the National Institute on Drug Abuse is genetically divergent from commercially availableCannabis

et al. 2019

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In the absence of clinical evidence, individuals with PTSD may be using cannabinoids as a means of coping or self-medication (Loflin, Earleywine, & Bonn-Miller, 2017;Metrik, Bassett, Aston, Jackson, & Borsari, 2018). The use of cannabinoids in mental health research has been considered controversial and the evidence base for its therapeutic effects is underdeveloped, largely mixed, and lacking randomized clinical trials (RCTs; Cousijn, Núñez, & Filbey, 2018).…”

Section: Post-traumatic Stress Disordermentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effectiveness of Cannabinoids in the Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): A Systematic Review

Hindocha

Cousijn

Rall

et al. 2019

Journal of Dual Diagnosis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a potentially debilitating mental health problem. There has been a recent surge of interest regarding the use of cannabinoids in the treatment of PTSD. We therefore sought to systematically review and assess the quality of the clinical evidence of the effectiveness of cannabinoids for the treatment of PTSD. Method: We included all studies published until December 2018 where a patient has been diagnosed with PTSD and had been prescribed or were using a cannabinoid for the purpose of reducing PTSD symptoms. Our primary outcome measure was the reduction in PTSD symptoms using a validated instrument. In the absence of randomized controlled trials, we included the next best available levels of evidence including observational and retrospective studies and case reports. We assessed risk of bias and quality using validated tools appropriate for the study design. Results: We included 10 studies in this review, of which only one study was a pilot randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover, clinical trial. Every identified study had medium to high risk of bias and was of low quality. We found that cannabinoids may decrease PTSD symptomology, in particular sleep disturbances and nightmares. Conclusions: Most studies to date are small and of low quality, with significant limitations to the study designs precluding any clinical recommendations about its use in routine clinical practice. Evidence that cannabinoids may help reduce global PTSD symptoms, sleep disturbances, and nightmares indicates that future well controlled, randomized, double-blind clinical trials are highly warranted.

show abstract

“…17,18 In vitro studies suggest a possible therapeutic role for cannabinoids via the inhibition of tumor proliferation and angiogenesis, induction of tumor cell death, and inhibition of invasiveness and stem cell-like properties of GBM. [19][20][21] While the neuroprotective effects of marijuana have been postulated, [22][23][24] chronic habitual recreational cannabis is associated with potential adverse side effects 25 ; in the brain, these include structural changes and functional impairments that may impact cognition. 26,27 Acutely, marijuana affects the cerebral blood flow 28 with transient changes in attention, memory, and impulse control.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Medical Cannabis Use in Glioma Patients Treated at a Comprehensive Cancer Center in Florida

Reblin

Sahebjam

Peeri

et al. 2019

Journal of Palliative Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Glioma is a devastating primary tumor of the central nervous system with difficult-to-manage symptoms. Cannabis products have been postulated to potentially benefit glioma patients. Recent state legalization allowed investigators an opportunity to study glioma patients' adoption of medical marijuana (MM). Objective: Our goals were to: (1) determine the prevalence of marijuana use, both through physician recommendation and self-medication, and (2) evaluate its perceived risks and benefits in glioma patients. Design: Self-report data were collected and descriptive analyses were conducted. Setting/Subjects: Participants were adult, English-speaking patients undergoing treatment for primary nonrecurrent malignant glioma in neuro-oncology clinics at an NCI-designated Comprehensive Cancer Center. Measurements: The survey on MM was adapted from previous research and included questions on knowledge and attitudes toward MM; use, frequency, type, and sourcing of MM; and reasons for use of MM and perceived symptom relief among users. Results: A total of 73 patients were surveyed. The majority of participants were aware that MM was legal in the state, and most reported learning of this through the media. Over 70% of participants reported having considered using MM, and a third reported using marijuana products after their diagnosis. Most received recommendations from friends/family rather than a medical provider, and only half of the users had obtained a physician's recommendation. Users generally reported benefits. Conclusions: With the increasing national conversation that accompanies legalization, glioma patients are pursuing marijuana for the treatment for their symptoms. More research and education is needed to bring health care providers into the conversation.

show abstract

Time to acknowledge the mixed effects of cannabis on health: a summary and critical review of the NASEM 2017 report on the health effects of cannabis and cannabinoids

Cited by 40 publications

References 35 publications

Research grade marijuana supplied by the National Institute on Drug Abuse is genetically divergent from commercially availableCannabis

Research grade marijuana supplied by the National Institute on Drug Abuse is genetically divergent from commercially availableCannabis

The Effectiveness of Cannabinoids in the Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): A Systematic Review

Medical Cannabis Use in Glioma Patients Treated at a Comprehensive Cancer Center in Florida

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About