Time study of trace elements and major ions during two cloud events at the Mt. Brocken

Pleßow, Kirsten; Acker, K.; Heinrichs, Hartmut; Möller, Detlev

doi:10.1016/s1352-2310(00)00134-5

Cited by 40 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Arsenic (As) concentrations in cloud waters collected at the puy de Dôme site from marine and continental origins are low and are comparable to those reported for References [5,13,14,16,37] (marine and continental sites), whereas References [15,38] which are related to polluted sampling sites, show concentrations 15-20 times higher. Cd concentrations are close to those reported by References [5,16], but lower than those reported by other works. In addition, there is no significant difference between marine and continental air masses.…”

Section: Sample Characteristicssupporting

confidence: 50%

“…Carbonaceous matter is associated with smaller particles 1−10 µm with transition metals adsorbed on an organic matrix and thus more soluble [2]. Only Hutchings et al [37] used the same filters as this study (0.22 µm), while the other studies used filtration through 0.45 µm filter or, in the case of Plessow et al [5], they did not filter the cloud samples.…”

Section: Sample Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Brocken, a remote sampling site in Germany by Plessow et al [5] (Mg 115 µg L −1 , Zn 37 µg L −1 ). In our case, Mg has an average concentration of 160 µg L −1 ; it mainly derives from natural sources such as soil dust, under the form of silicate or carbonate, or it is emitted as sea salt, as chloride.…”

Section: Sample Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ratio of Zn to Sb for cloud samples collected at Mt. Plynlimon (United Kingdom) between 1992 [37]: filtered 0.22 µm; Cini et al [13]: filtered 0.4 µm; Ghauri et al [16]: filtered 0.45 µm; Fomba et al [13]: filtered 0.45 µm; Li et al [15]: filtered 0.45 µm; Liu et al [38]: filtered 0.45 µm; Plessow et al [5]: not filtered. ); (Site characteristics are reported in Table S2.…”

Section: Sample Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The second factor that needs to be considered is the air mass origin: Hutchings et al [37], Ghauri et al [16], Fomba et al [13] and Plessow et al [5] sampled clouds at continental sites. Therefore, cloud water has a higher concentration of crustal trace elements.…”

Section: Sample Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trace Metals in Cloud Water Sampled at the Puy De Dôme Station

et al. 2017

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Concentrations of 33 metal elements were determined by ICP-MS (Inductively CoupledPlasma Mass Spectrometry) analysis for 24 cloud water samples (corresponding to 10 cloud events) collected at the puy de Dôme station. Clouds present contrasted chemical composition with mainly marine and continental characteristics; for some cloud events, a further anthropogenic source can be superimposed on the background level. In this context, measurements of trace metals may help to evaluate the impact of anthropogenic and natural sources on the cloud and to better discriminate the origin of the air masses. The metal concentrations in the samples are low (between 16.4 µg L −1 and 1.46 mg L −1 ). This could be explained by the remoteness of the puy de Dôme site from local sources. Trace metals are then used to confirm and refine a previous sample classification. A principal component analysis (PCA) using the pH value and the concentrations of Cl − , NO 3 − , SO 4 2− , Na + and NH 4 + is performed considering 24 cloud samples. This first analysis shows that 18 samples are of marine origin and 6 samples are classified as continental. The same statistical approach is used adding trace metal concentration. Zn and Mg elements are the most abundant trace metals for all clouds. A higher concentration of Cd is mainly associated to clouds from marine origins. Cu, As, Tl and Sb elements are rather found in the continental samples than in the marine ones. Mg, V, Mn and Rb elements mainly found in soil particles are also more concentrated in the samples from continental air mass. This new PCA including trace metal confirms the classification between marine and continental air masses but also indicates that one sample presenting low pH and high concentrations of SO 4 2− , Fe, Pb and Cu could be rather attributed to a polluted event.

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Section: Sample Characteristicssupporting

confidence: 50%

Section: Sample Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Sample Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sample Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sample Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trace Metals in Cloud Water Sampled at the Puy De Dôme Station

et al. 2017

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Evolution of trace elements in the planetary boundary layer in southern China: Effects of dust storms and aerosol‐cloud interactions

Wang

Zhou³

et al. 2017

JGR Atmospheres

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Aerosols and cloud water were analyzed at a mountaintop in the planetary boundary layer in southern China during March–May 2009, when two Asian dust storms occurred, to investigate the effects of aerosol‐cloud interactions (ACIs) on chemical evolution of atmospheric trace elements. Fe, Al, and Zn predominated in both coarse and fine aerosols, followed by high concentrations of toxic Pb, As, and Cd. Most of these aerosol trace elements, which were affected by dust storms, exhibited various increases in concentrations but consistent decreases in solubility. Zn, Fe, Al, and Pb were the most abundant trace elements in cloud water. The trace element concentrations exhibited logarithmic inverse relationships with the cloud liquid water content and were found highly pH dependent with minimum concentrations at the threshold of pH ~5.0. The calculation of Visual MINTEQ model showed that 80.7–96.3% of Fe(II), Zn(II), Pb(II), and Cu(II) existed in divalent free ions, while 71.7% of Fe(III) and 71.5% of Al(III) were complexed by oxalate and fluoride, respectively. ACIs could markedly change the speciation distributions of trace elements in cloud water by pH modification. The in‐cloud scavenging of aerosol trace elements likely reached a peak after the first 2–3 h of cloud processing, with scavenging ratios between 0.12 for Cr and 0.57 for Pb. The increases of the trace element solubility (4–33%) were determined in both in‐cloud aerosols and postcloud aerosols. These results indicated the significant importance of aerosol‐cloud interactions to the evolution of trace elements during the first several cloud condensation/evaporation cycles.

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Characteristic Vertical Profiles of Cloud Water Composition in Marine Stratocumulus Clouds and Relationships With Precipitation

et al. 2018

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This study uses airborne cloud water composition measurements to characterize the vertical structure of air‐equivalent mass concentrations of water‐soluble species in marine stratocumulus clouds off the California coast. A total of 385 cloud water samples were collected in the months of July and August between 2011 and 2016 and analyzed for water‐soluble ionic and elemental composition. Three characteristic profiles emerge: (i) a reduction of concentration with in‐cloud altitude for particulate species directly emitted from sources below cloud without in‐cloud sources (e.g., Cl− and Na+), (ii) an increase of concentration with in‐cloud altitude (e.g., NO2− and formate), and (iii) species exhibiting a peak in concentration in the middle of cloud (e.g., non–sea‐salt SO42−, NO3−, and organic acids). Vertical profiles of rainout parameters such as loss frequency, lifetime, and change in concentration with respect to time show that the scavenging efficiency throughout the cloud depth depends strongly on the thickness of the cloud. Thin clouds exhibit a greater scavenging loss frequency at cloud top, while thick clouds have a greater scavenging loss frequency at cloud base. The implications of these results for treatment of wet scavenging in models are discussed.

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Time study of trace elements and major ions during two cloud events at the Mt. Brocken

Cited by 40 publications

References 37 publications

Trace Metals in Cloud Water Sampled at the Puy De Dôme Station

Trace Metals in Cloud Water Sampled at the Puy De Dôme Station

Evolution of trace elements in the planetary boundary layer in southern China: Effects of dust storms and aerosol‐cloud interactions

Characteristic Vertical Profiles of Cloud Water Composition in Marine Stratocumulus Clouds and Relationships With Precipitation

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