Time structure of the extensive air shower muon component measured by the KASCADE experiment

Antoni, T.; Apel, W. D.; Badea, Anthony; Bekk, K.; Bernlöhr, K.; Blümer, H.; Bollmann, E.; Bozdog, H.; Brancus, I. M.; Chilingarian, A.; Daumiller, K.; Döll, P.; Engler, J.; Feßler, F.; Gils, H.J.; Glasstetter, R.; Haeusler, R.; Hafemann, W.; Haungs, A.; Heck, D.; Holst, T.; Hörandel, J. R.; Kampert, K.‐H.; Kempa, J.; Klages, H. O.; Knapp, J.; Martello, D.; Mathes, H.J.; Mayer, H.J.; Milke, J.; Mühlenberg, D.; Oehlschläger, J.; Rebel, H.; Risse, M.; Roth, M.; Schatz, G.; Schmidt, Friedrich; Thouw, T.; Ulrich, H.; Vardanyan, A.; Vulpescu, B.; Wentz, J.; Wiegert, Theresa; Wochele, J.; Zabierowski, J.; Zagromski, S.

doi:10.1016/s0927-6505(00)00148-1

Cited by 18 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The distributions of the different quantiles ∆τ q of event-by-event observations have been shown [29,31] to follow fairly well a phenomenological parameterisation by Γprobability distribution functions, with parameters varying with the primary energy and the distance R µ .…”

Section: Time Profiles Of the Eas Muon Componentmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Systematic studies are performed particularly at large EAS detector installations: in Haverah Park [10,11,12,13,14,15,16], at the Potchefstroom University [17], in Akeno and on Mt. Chacaltaya [18,19,20], at MSU [21], more recently with the GREX/ COVER-PLASTEX [22,23,24,25,26] and KASCADE [27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34] experiments. Measurements of arrival time distributions of high energy hadrons near the shower core have been reported by the Maryland University group [35] and by KASCADE [36].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mean values and dispersions (standard deviations) represent the time profile of the EAS muon component. Measurements of muon arrival time distributions and the determination of the distributions of various different time quantities have been a subject of the current investigations of the KASCADE experiment [27,28,30,31,32,33,34]. In these investigations the temporal EAS structure has been studied in detail in dependence on the shower size N e , the muon number N µ , or the truncated muon number N tr µ (which is used as approximate energy identifier in KASCADE observations [41]), respectively, and from the angle of EAS incidence θ.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Features of muon arrival time distributions of high energy EAS at large distances from the shower axis

Brancus¹,

Rebel

Badea

et al. 2003

J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys.

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In view of the current efforts to extend the KASCADE experiment (KASCADE-Grande) for observations of Extensive Air Showers (EAS) of primary energies up to 1·10 18 eV, the features of muon arrival time distributions and their correlations with other observable EAS quantities have been scrutinised on basis of high-energy EAS, simulated with the Monte Carlo code CORSIKA and using in general the QGSJET model as generator. Methodically various correlations of adequately defined arrival time parameters with other EAS parameters have been investigated by invoking non-parametric methods for the analysis of multivariate distributions, studying the classification and misclassification probabilities of various observable sets. It turns out that adding the arrival time information and the multiplicity of muons spanning the observed time distributions has distinct effects improving the mass discrimination. A further outcome of the studies is the feature that for the considered ranges of primary energies and of distances from the shower axis the discrimination power of global arrival time distributions referring to the arrival time of the shower core is only marginally enhanced as compared to local distributions referring to the arrival of the locally first muon.

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Section: Time Profiles Of the Eas Muon Componentmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Features of muon arrival time distributions of high energy EAS at large distances from the shower axis

Brancus¹,

Rebel

Badea

et al. 2003

J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys.

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“…Via these features muon arrival time distributions should carry some information on the mass of the EAS primaries, unless the intrinsic fluctuations of the muon generation processes and limitations of the detector response do obscure the discrimination. Experimental studies with these aspects are a current subject of the KASCADE experiment [17][18][19][20], taking use of the timing and muon detection facilities of the KASCADE Central Detector [21,22]. Experimental muon arrival time distributions have experienced various intriguing distortions which depend not only on the time resolution of the timing detectors, but also on the multiplicity, i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fig. 1 indicates the used terminology (see also [17]). Arrival times of muons, registered by the timing detectors at a certain distance R µ from the shower axis have to refer to a defined zero time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distortions of experimental muon arrival time distributions of extensive air showers by the observation conditions

Haeusler¹,

Badea²,

Rebel³

et al. 2002

Astroparticle Physics

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Event-by-event measured arrival time distributions of Extensive Air Shower (EAS) muons are affected and distorted by various interrelated effects which originate from the time resolution of the timing detectors, from fluctuations of the reference time and the number (multiplicity) of detected muons spanning the arrival time distribution of the individual EAS events. The origin of these effects is discussed, and different correction procedures, which involve detailed simulations, are proposed and illustrated. The discussed distortions are relevant for relatively small observation distances (R µ < 200 m) from the EAS core. Their significance decreases with increasing observation distance and increasing primary energies. Local arrival time distributions which refer to the observed arrival time of the first local muon prove to be less sensitive to the mass of the primary. This feature points to the necessity of arrival time measurements with additional information on the curvature of the EAS disk.

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Derived Shower and Interaction Parameters, Refined Event Reconstruction

Grieder

2009

Exentsive Air Showers and High Energy Phenomena

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Time structure of the extensive air shower muon component measured by the KASCADE experiment

Cited by 18 publications

References 24 publications

Features of muon arrival time distributions of high energy EAS at large distances from the shower axis

Features of muon arrival time distributions of high energy EAS at large distances from the shower axis

Distortions of experimental muon arrival time distributions of extensive air showers by the observation conditions

Derived Shower and Interaction Parameters, Refined Event Reconstruction

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