Time‐, Sex‐, and Dose‐Dependent Alterations of the Gut Microbiota by Consumption of Dietary Daikenchuto (TU‐100)

Abstract

Medications or dietary components can affect both the host and the host's gut microbiota. Changes in the microbiota may influence medication efficacy and interactions. Daikenchuto (TU-100), a herbal medication, comprised of ginger, ginseng, and Japanese pepper, is widely used in Japanese traditional Kampo medicine for intestinal motility and postoperative paralytic ileus. We previously showed in mice that consumption of TU-100 for 4 weeks changed the gut microbiota and increased bioavailability of bacterial ginsenoside metabolites. Since TU-100 is prescribed in humans for months to years, we examined the time- and sex-dependent effects of TU-100 on mouse gut microbiota. Oral administration of 1.5% TU-100 for 24 weeks caused more pronounced changes in gut microbiota in female than in male mice. Changes in both sexes largely reverted to baseline upon TU-100 withdrawal. Effects were time and dose dependent. The microbial profiles reverted to baseline within 4 weeks after withdrawal of 0.75% TU-100 but were sustained after withdrawal of 3% TU-100. In summary, dietary TU-100 changed mouse microbiota in a time-, sex-, and dose-dependent manner. These findings may be taken into consideration when determining optimizing dose for conditions of human health and disease with the consideration of differences in composition and response of the human intestinal microbiota.

Gut Dysbiosis Is Related With Activity And Remission Phases Of Ulcerative Colitis And Healthy Condition

“…Finally, gut dysbiosis has been proposed as an important contributing factor to the increasing prevalence of UC, with a potential role for the related clinical-therapeutic phases [32,62,63]. Consistently, we found a signi cant ability of the genus Bilophila and Fusobacterium to selectively associate with cases of UC activity/remission.…”

Understanding the Physiological Functions of the Host Xenobiotic-sensing Nuclear Receptors PXR and CAR on the Gut Microbiome using Genetically Modified Mice

“…Additionally, AF12 sp. has been observed to increase in relative abundance after dietary supplementation of the herbal remedies daikenchuto and the Lingzhi mushroom (G. lucidum) [104,105]. In particular, in Meneses et al, the increase in the relative abundance of AF12 after Lingzhi mushroom consumption by C57BL/6 mice was followed by lowered cholesterol and greater excretion of fecal bile acids [105].…”

Daisaikoto Prevents Post-dieting Weight Regain by Reversing Dysbiosis and Reducing Serum Corticosterone in Mice

“…Various other herbal medicines have also been reported to affect the composition of intestinal microbiota. For example, daikenchuto, which is used to treat adhesive bowel obstruction and "a feeling of coldness in the abdomen, " prevented a loss of microbiome diversity in a rat model of fasting stress (Yoshikawa et al, 2013) in a manner that depended on treatment duration, sex, and treatment dose (Miyoshi et al, 2018). Sennoside, which is present in daisaikoto, is metabolized by the gut microbiota to Rheinanthrone, which promotes peristalsis (Matsumoto et al, 2012), a major driver of microbial diversity.…”

“…It has been reported that the alteration in the gut microbiome (dysbiosis) caused by the onset of obesity improves after a prolonged period of dieting, but it has also been confirmed that weight regain easily occurs within approximately 3 months of the dieting period in advanced examination. It has also been reported that the duration of changes in the gut microbiome after discontinuation of the administration of Chinese medicine varies according to its dose and duration (Miyoshi et al, 2018). As Chinese medicine often improves its targeted condition within 2-3 months when there are no side effects, we used a dieting period of 3 months.…”