Time Series Trend of the Water Content on the Different Human Anatomical Sites Using Single Frequency-Susceptance Measuring Method

Jang, Woo Young; Park, Jeong Je; Jeong, Hye Jin; Kim, Hong Sig; Park, Jae Chan

doi:10.1109/iembs.2006.259728

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Considering that palms and soles are densely populated with eccrine sweat glands, one would expect an increase in corneometric values. However, increased SC thickness, which also indirectly influences SC values, counteracts the theoretically expected increase [42] . Furthermore, remnants of ingredients of the working place might also be responsible for the decrease in these values (recorded on average 2.9 h after the last hand washing).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Full-Body Skin Mapping for Six Biophysical Parameters: Baseline Values at 16 Anatomical Sites in 125 Human Subjects

Kleesz

Darlenski

Fluhr

2011

Skin Pharmacol Physiol

111

125

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Background/Aim: The skin, as the outermost organ, protects against exogenous hazards (outside-in barrier) and prevents the loss of essential parts of the body (inside-out barrier). The epidermal barrier exerts several functions with specific morphological elements. Regional differences in skin functions are well known. The aim of the present study was to assess and compare skin physiological parameters in vivo at 16 anatomical sites: Barrier function in terms of transepidermal water loss (TEWL), stratum corneum (SC) hydration (assessed by capacitance), skin surface pH, skin surface temperature, erythema index and skin pigmentation were quantified at 16 anatomical sites under basal conditions. In addition, casual skin lipid level as a function of sebaceous lipids was measured on the forehead. Material and Methods: The 6 functions at the 16 anatomical sites were assessed in a cohort of 125 volunteers working in the food processing industry. These functions were quantified with noninvasive instruments, namely a Tewameter (barrier function), a Corneometer (SC hydration), a pH-meter, a Mexameter (erythema index and pigmentation), a skin surface thermometer and a Sebumeter (casual sebum level). Results: We identified ranges for the 16 anatomical locations for each instrument and some parameters could be classified into distinctive groups. Furthermore, a left-right comparison was performed at 3 sites (dorsal hand, ventral hand and ventral forearm). Certain side differences could be shown for SC hydration, surface pH, erythema index, melanin index and skin surface temperature in the 3 assessed areas. A left-to-right, statistically nonsignificant difference was also established for TEWL. Conclusion: The detected site-specific characteristics could be attributed to factors such as occlusion, different degrees of UV exposure, microcirculation and distribution of afferent and efferent nerve endings as well as fat distribution. External factors, such as life style, UV exposure and working conditions need to be taken into account. The present data are intended for an adequate selection of parameters and anatomical locations when assessing working conditions and designing clinical dermatological and pharmaceutical studies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Full-Body Skin Mapping for Six Biophysical Parameters: Baseline Values at 16 Anatomical Sites in 125 Human Subjects

Kleesz

Darlenski

Fluhr

2011

Skin Pharmacol Physiol

111

125

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“…Skin tension and gravitational force, which influence CRRTs, also vary with body site (44). Moreover, CRRTs may also be affected by skin stiffness and SC hydration, both of which vary with body site (45, 46). Furthermore, other determinants of CRRTs such as collagen content and elasticity also vary with body site (47, 48).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cutaneous resonance running time varies with age, body site and gender in a normal Chinese population

Xin

Man

Fluhr

et al. 2010

Skin Research and Technology

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Background/objectives-One phenomenon of skin aging is loss of cutaneous elasticity. Measurement of cutaneous resonance running time (CRRT) is a method to assess skin elasticity. Yet, information regarding directional changes of CRRT associated with age, body sites and gender is not yet available. In the present study, we assessed whether changes in CRRT vary with age, body sites and gender in a normal Chinese population.

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“…Knowledge of the water content of the S.C. in vivo has been shown to be an important factor in clinical determinations of non-visible skin diseases such as atopic eczema [ 4 - 7 ]. Electrical methods for measuring skin hydration have been studied for several decades and a low frequency susceptance is found to be the most adequate [ 8 - 10 ]. In this paper the term low frequency means a constant frequency below 100 Hz.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of In Vivo Water Content of the Stratum Corneum from Electrical Measurements

Johnsen¹,

Martinsen²,

Grimnes³

2009

TOBEJ

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In vivo water content in the epidermal stratum corneum can be estimated by means of low frequency susceptance measurements. In the in vitro calibration necessary to find the in vivo water content, the stratum corneum will have a uniform distribution of water across its thickness. However, in vivo stratum corneum has an increasing water concentration profile from the outermost towards the innermost parts. This paper will investigate the possibility of estimating the equilibrium water content in the in vivo stratum corneum non-invasively from electrical susceptance measurements. Given a known shape of the water concentration profile in the in vivo stratum corneum and the dependence of susceptance on the water content, it is possible to calculate the water content in vivo based on analytically derived expressions for the water concentration profile. A correspondence between in vivo and in vitro water content needed for this purpose is also established.

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Time Series Trend of the Water Content on the Different Human Anatomical Sites Using Single Frequency-Susceptance Measuring Method

Cited by 6 publications

References 6 publications

Full-Body Skin Mapping for Six Biophysical Parameters: Baseline Values at 16 Anatomical Sites in 125 Human Subjects

Full-Body Skin Mapping for Six Biophysical Parameters: Baseline Values at 16 Anatomical Sites in 125 Human Subjects

Cutaneous resonance running time varies with age, body site and gender in a normal Chinese population

Estimation of In Vivo Water Content of the Stratum Corneum from Electrical Measurements

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