Time-richness and phosphatic microsteinkern accumulation in the Cincinnatian (Katian) Ordovician, USA: An example of polycyclic phosphogenic condensation

Dattilo, Benjamin F.; Freeman, Rebecca; Zubovic, Yvonne; Brett, Carlton E.; Straw, Amanda; Frauhiger, Mason J.; Hartstein, Amanda R.; Shoemaker, Lincoln

doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2019.109362

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…Principally, this may mean that the authors of the following source found the precedent hypothesis reasonable to a certain degree. For instance, Lam et al [40] noted tsunamis interpreted previously in the Late Ordovician sedimentary successions of the Cincinnati Basin. It is also reasonable to note the work by Meinhold et al [50], who discussed the earlier proposal by Parnell [51] of the possible impact-triggered, global-scale episode of mass wasting in the Middle Ordovician.…”

Section: Summary Of the Evidence Collected From The Literaturementioning

confidence: 98%

Ordovician Tsunamis: Summary of Hypotheses and Implications for Geoheritage Resources

Ruban,

Yashalova

2023

JMSE

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Ordovician tsunamis have been hypothesized for more than 25 years, but the related knowledge is yet to be systematized. The published sources bearing the pieces of this knowledge were collected in the course of the specialized bibliographical survey, and these pieces of evidence were summarized and interpreted with special attention to the spatiotemporal distribution of Ordovician tsunamis. It is found that the latter were reported from many places of the world (24 localities are established), which represent the Gondwana periphery, some isolated continental blocks, and terranes. Tsunamis were hypothesized for all epochs of the considered period, but the evidence is especially numerous for the Middle Ordovician. The degree of certainty of the interpretations of these tsunamis is chiefly moderate. It appears that only a tiny portion of Ordovician tsunamis is known, but the amount of available information is expected, taking into account the possibility of finding very ancient tsunamis. The outcomes of this study contribute to a better awareness of the world’s geoheritage resources. The established localities representing Ordovician tsunamis can be considered potential geosites, two of which are promising start points for further, field-based research.

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Section: Summary Of the Evidence Collected From The Literaturementioning

confidence: 98%

Ordovician Tsunamis: Summary of Hypotheses and Implications for Geoheritage Resources

Ruban,

Yashalova

2023

JMSE

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“…Clarifying the link between paleoenvironment and fossilization is important to understand what closed the taphonomic window that fostered these styles of preservation in the later early and middle Cambrian globally (Porter 2004) (see Figure 3). The occurrence of phosphatized and/or glauconitized fossils at other intervals in the Paleozoic (Dattilo et al 2019, Dzik 1994 and Mesozoic (Maxwell et al 2021, Pruss et al 2018 suggests that recurring environmental factors led to these styles of preservation. In this case, the small size of skeletal material (and organismal volume) coupled with early oscillating porewater redox conditions must be critical factors in these modes of preservation and to marine authigenesis of the Cambrian more broadly.…”

Section: Small Shelly Fossil Preservation In the Cambrianmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life on the Edge: The Cambrian Marine Realm and Oxygenation

Pruss,

Gill

2024

Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences

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The beginning of the Phanerozoic saw two biological events that set the stage for all life that was to come: ( a) the Cambrian Explosion (the appearance of most marine invertebrate phyla) and ( b) the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event (GOBE), the subsequent substantial accumulation of marine biodiversity. Here, we examine the current state of understanding of marine environments and ecosystems from the late Ediacaran through the Early Ordovician, which spans this biologically important interval. Through a compilation and review of the existing geochemical, mineralogical, sedimentological, and fossil records, we argue that this interval was one of sustained low and variable marine oxygen levels that both led to animal extinction and fostered biodiversification events throughout the Cambrian and Early Ordovician. Therefore, marine ecosystems of this interval existed on the edge—with enough oxygen to sustain them but with the perennial risk of environmental stressors that could overwhelm them. ▪ We review the current research on geochemistry and paleontology of the Cambrian and Early Ordovician periods. ▪ Low and oscillating oxygen levels in the marine realm promoted diversification and evolutionary innovation but also drove several extinction events. ▪ Taphonomic modes and marine authigenic pathways that were abundant in the Cambrian were supported by oceans that were persistently less oxygenated than today's oceans. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Volume 52 is May 2024. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

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“…Datilo et al . 2019). This particular style of fossilization is best known from Cambrian deposits, where small shelly fossils record remnants of some early biomineralizers of the Cambrian Explosion and occur across clades.…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Whilst scattered occurrences of small shelly‐style fossilization have been reported from other time periods (Dzik 1994; Datillo et al . 2019; Freeman et al . 2019), the best known and most intensively studied occurrences are Cambrian small shelly fossils (SSFs), in part because the diversity of organisms preserved in this way is not well represented in macrofossil assemblages.…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Early Triassic small shelly fossil-style assemblage from the Virgin Limestone Member, Moenkopi Formation, western United States

Maxwell

Thuy

Pruss

2021

LET

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Small shelly fossils (SSFs) are minute fossils moulded or replaced by apatite, and less commonly, other minerals like glauconite and iron oxides. This taphonomic mode is best known from Cambrian deposits, though some occurrences occur across geological time. Instances of small shelly‐style preservation were found in insoluble residues from the Lower Triassic Virgin Limestone Member exposed in southern Nevada, the western United States, a second such occurrence known from this unit. Fossil steinkerns of tiny brachiopods, echinoid spines and ophiuroids are fluorapatite, with scarce phosphatic internal moulds of bivalves and two replaced ostracods. In contrast, the crinoid ossicles, almost all of which are >1000 µm, are preserved as stereomic moulds of silica or dolomite. Though the style of preservation is similar to another Virgin Limestone small shelly fossils‐style assemblage, this assemblage preserves greater diversity, likely reflecting the variation in palaeocommunities across the shelf. The size selectivity of phosphatization is clear, as the majority of the fossils <1000 µm are phosphatized. Importantly, the original skeletal material does not exert the strongest control on style of preservation: crinoid ossicles are replaced or moulded by silica whilst ophiuroid and echinoid fragments are phosphatized. It is likely that the underlying phosphatization mechanisms are related to the small particle size of the skeletons or skeletal elements coupled with the local pore water environment. Early Triassic equatorial seas characterized by warm temperatures and lower oxygen levels likely fostered small shelly fossil‐style preservation across the shelf during this time.

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Time-richness and phosphatic microsteinkern accumulation in the Cincinnatian (Katian) Ordovician, USA: An example of polycyclic phosphogenic condensation

Abstract:  Phosphatic microsteinkern-rich sediments are time-rich shell beds  Carbonate textural maturity may result from minor stratigraphic condensation

Cited by 10 publications

References 85 publications

Ordovician Tsunamis: Summary of Hypotheses and Implications for Geoheritage Resources

Ordovician Tsunamis: Summary of Hypotheses and Implications for Geoheritage Resources

Life on the Edge: The Cambrian Marine Realm and Oxygenation

An Early Triassic small shelly fossil-style assemblage from the Virgin Limestone Member, Moenkopi Formation, western United States

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