Time restricted feeding and mental health: a review of possible mechanisms on affective and cognitive disorders

Currenti, Walter; Godos, Justyna; Castellano, Sabrina; Mogavero, Maria Paola; Ferri, Raffaele; Caraci, Filippo; Grosso, Giuseppe; Galvano, Fabio

doi:10.1080/09637486.2020.1866504

Cited by 37 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 102 publications

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“…We provided several plausible explanations for this. Similar to how intermittent fasting improves cognitive function and insomnia symptoms, fatty acids can degrade to ketone bodies in the liver, and increased ketone bodies (e.g., β-hydroxybutyrate) in the brain might induce the transcription of brain-derived neurotrophic factors (BDNF), which might regulate sleep duration [55]. BDNF are also related to cognitive functioning [56] and further regulate sleep duration because short or long sleep duration is associated with poor cognitive functioning [57,58].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of Dietary ω-3, ω-6 Fatty Acids Consumption with Sleep Disorders and Sleep Duration among Adults

Luo

Sun

et al. 2021

Nutrients

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The relationship between ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids consumption and sleep disorders or duration are controversial. Therefore, we used the data of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007–2016 in this cross-sectional study to explore their relationships. ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids consumption was assessed using two 24 h dietary recall interviews. Sleep disorders and sleep duration were based on self-reported data. Logistic regression models and restricted cubic spline analyses were used. Compared with tertile one, the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of sleep disorders for the second tertile of ω-6 fatty acid intake and the highest tertile of ω-6:ω-3 ratio were 1.30 (1.04–1.62) and 1.36 (1.08–1.70), respectively. Inverse U-shaped and linear dose–response relationships were observed between dietary ω-6 fatty acid intake and ω-6:ω-3 ratio and sleep disorders, respectively. In addition, ω-3 fatty acid consumption was adversely related to sleep disorders in men and the OR (95% CI) was 0.68 (0.49–0.95). Compared with normal sleep duration, ω-3 fatty acid consumption was negatively related to very short, short, and long sleep duration risk. The relative risk ratios (RRRs) were 0.53 (0.35–0.81), 0.79 (0.67–0.93), and 0.81 (068–0.98), respectively. The RRR of very short sleep for ω-6 fatty acid consumption was 0.57 (0.45–0.73). Our study indicates that ω-6 fatty acid consumption and the ω-6:ω-3 ratio are positively associated with the risk of sleep disorders, while the negative association between ω-3 fatty acids and sleep disorders may exist only in men. Furthermore, ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acid consumption are negatively related to the risk of non-normal sleep duration.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of Dietary ω-3, ω-6 Fatty Acids Consumption with Sleep Disorders and Sleep Duration among Adults

Luo

Sun

et al. 2021

Nutrients

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“…Based on this definition, the COC fasting diet is a type of periodic diet with regularly repeated food restriction periods of various durations, covering 1 (Wednesdays and Fridays) to 41 days (Lent) (supplementary Table S1). Several studies have suggested that intermittent versus continuous energy restriction is associated with greater improvement in several health indicators, such as lipid profile, insulin resistance, leptin sensitivity, glucose homeostasis, blood pressure, inflammation, resistance to stress, and so forth [37][38][39][40]. Animal studies have revealed that intermittent fasting can improve the course of several diseases such as cancer, metabolic syndrome, or cerebrovascular diseases, while they can delay the onset or slow the progression of common neurodegenerative disorders, like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease [40].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Animal studies have revealed that intermittent fasting can improve the course of several diseases such as cancer, metabolic syndrome, or cerebrovascular diseases, while they can delay the onset or slow the progression of common neurodegenerative disorders, like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease [40]. The underlying mechanisms of intermittent diet's beneficial effects include activation of adaptive cellular stress response, enhancement of mitochondrial health, DNA repair, and autophagy [37,38]. While the COC fasting diet results in moderate energy restriction during fasting periods (25%), the long durations of these fasting periods, its adoption at a young age, and its maintenance for decades until advanced age may play a role in its beneficial effects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Christian Orthodox Church Fasting Diet Is Associated with Lower Levels of Depression and Anxiety and a Better Cognitive Performance in Middle Life

et al. 2021

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Lifestyle choices significantly influence mental health in later life. In this study we investigated the effects of the Christian Orthodox Church (COC) fasting diet, which includes long-term regular abstinence from animal-based products for half the calendar year, on cognitive function and emotional wellbeing of healthy adults. Two groups of fasting and non-fasting individuals were evaluated regarding their cognitive performance and the presence of anxiety and depression using the Mini Mental Examination Scale, the Hamilton Anxiety Scale, and the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), respectively. Data on physical activity, smoking, and vitamin levels were collected and correlated with mental health scoring. Negative binomial regression was performed to examine differences in the GDS scores between the two groups. Significantly lower levels of anxiety (7.48 ± 4.98 vs. 9.71 ± 5.25; p < 0.001) and depression (2.24 ± 1.77 vs. 3.5 ± 2.52; p < 0.001), along with better cognitive function (29.15 ± 0.79 vs. 28.64 ± 1.27; p < 0.001), were noticed in fasting compared to non-fasting individuals. GDS score was 31% lower (Incidence Rate Ratio: 0.69, 95% Confidence Interval: 0.56–0.85) in the fasting group compared to the control, while vitamin and ferrum levels did not differ. The COC fasting diet was found to have an independent positive impact on cognition and mood in middle-aged and elderly individuals.

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“…Among nutritional factors, TRF has emerged as an innovative strategy to prevent and treat mental health disorders, sleep disturbances, and cognitive impairment [ 80 ]. Feeding/fasting timing manipulation has emerged as an innovative strategy to contrast and treat cognitive decline.…”

Section: Fasting Physiology and Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fasting: How to Guide

et al. 2021

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Fasting potentials are the most interesting topics in the Nutritional Era. Fasting consists of the catabolism of lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates to maintain blood glucose levels in a normal range. The action mechanisms of fasting were firstly understood in minor organisms and later in humans. Nutritional interventions of caloric restriction could attenuate age-associated epigenetic alterations and could have a protective effect against cellular alterations, promoting longevity and health span. While most fasting studies point out the weight and fat mass decreases, it is important to define specific guidelines for fasting and non-fasting days to enhance adherence, minimize the dropout rates of the interventions, and maximize body composition improvement. Although the panorama of evidence on fasting and caloric restriction is wide, there is a lack of a safe fasting protocol to guide physicians in its prescription. The main goal is to identify a how to use guide, a major posology of fasting, inserted within a huge dietetic personalized strategy leading to an optimal and healthy nutritional status.

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Time restricted feeding and mental health: a review of possible mechanisms on affective and cognitive disorders

Cited by 37 publications

References 102 publications

Associations of Dietary ω-3, ω-6 Fatty Acids Consumption with Sleep Disorders and Sleep Duration among Adults

Associations of Dietary ω-3, ω-6 Fatty Acids Consumption with Sleep Disorders and Sleep Duration among Adults

The Christian Orthodox Church Fasting Diet Is Associated with Lower Levels of Depression and Anxiety and a Better Cognitive Performance in Middle Life

Fasting: How to Guide

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