Time‐resolved, undersampled projection reconstruction imaging for high‐resolution CE‐MRA of the distal runoff vessels

Du, Jiang; Carroll, Timothy J.; Wagner, Hans‐Joachim; Vigen, Karl K.; Fain, Sean B.; Block, Walter F.; Korosec, Frank R.; Grist, Thomas M.; Mistretta, Charles A.

doi:10.1002/mrm.10243

Cited by 73 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Methods were developed for time-resolved 3D acquisition (10), which in general involved a trade-off of temporal for spatial resolution (11). For MR angiography of the peripheral vasculature, a variety of methods have specifically been developed (12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17), including some that allow imaging over an extended field of view (FOV) (18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27).…”

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confidence: 99%

Peripheral Vasculature: High-Temporal- and High-Spatial-Resolution Three-dimensional Contrast-enhanced MR Angiography

Haider

Glockner²,

Stanson

et al. 2009

Radiology

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Purpose:To prospectively evaluate the feasibility of performing high-spatial-resolution (1-mm isotropic) time-resolved three-dimensional (3D) contrast material-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) angiography of the peripheral vasculature with Cartesian acquisition with projectionreconstruction-like sampling (CAPR) and eightfold accelerated two-dimensional (2D) sensitivity encoding (SENSE). Materials and Methods:All studies were approved by the institutional review board and were HIPAA compliant; written informed consent was obtained from all participants. There were 13 volunteers (mean age, 41.9; range, 27-53 years). The CAPR sequence was adapted to provide 1-mm isotropic spatial resolution and a 5-second frame time. Use of different receiver coil element sizes for those placed on the anterior-to-posterior versus left-to-right sides of the field of view reduced signal-to-noise ratio loss due to acceleration. Results from eight volunteers were rated independently by two radiologists according to prominence of artifact, arterial to venous separation, vessel sharpness, continuity of arterial signal intensity in major arteries (anterior and posterior tibial, peroneal), demarcation of origin of major arteries, and overall diagnostic image quality. MR angiographic results in two patients with peripheral vascular disease were compared with their results at computed tomographic angiography. Results:The sequence exhibited no image artifact adversely affecting diagnostic image quality. Temporal resolution was evaluated to be sufficient in all cases, even with known rapid arterial to venous transit. The vessels were graded to have excellent sharpness, continuity, and demarcation of the origins of the major arteries. Distal muscular branches and the communicating and perforating arteries were routinely seen. Excellent diagnostic quality rating was given for 15 (94%) of 16 evaluations. Conclusion:The feasibility of performing high-diagnostic-quality timeresolved 3D contrast-enhanced MR angiography of the peripheral vasculature by using CAPR and eightfold accelerated 2D SENSE has been demonstrated.

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confidence: 99%

Peripheral Vasculature: High-Temporal- and High-Spatial-Resolution Three-dimensional Contrast-enhanced MR Angiography

Haider

Glockner²,

Stanson

et al. 2009

Radiology

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“…Compared with sliding-window reconstruction techniques such as those used in TRICKS (7)(8)(9), the advantage of this technique is that the temporal resolution and spatial resolution are true resolutions since the reconstructed resolutions are purely based on the biplane projections, which can achieve submillimeter resolution in under 1 s. In contrast, TRICKS assume no a priori knowledge, but need to combine different parts of k-space acquired at different times, which in theory alters both temporal and spatial characteristics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three‐dimensional reconstruction of limited‐view projections for contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance angiography at high temporal and spatial resolution

Huang

Gurr²,

Wright

2005

Magnetic Resonance in Med

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The feasibility of reconstructing three-dimensional (3D) MRI data sets from limited-view projections is investigated in phantom and in vivo animal studies to improve the temporal resolution of magnetic resonance angiography without sacrificing spatial resolution. Thirty-two pairs of orthogonal biplane projections are acquired in an interleaved manner during the first pass of a contrast agent. The full data set is reconstructed as a priori 3D information. Each pair of projections is then reconstructed into an individual 3D data set based on a correlation analysis with the a priori data set. In this way, time-resolved 3D data sets at 1-to 2-s time intervals are reconstructed with submillimeter spatial resolution. Three-dimensional (3D) contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) has been widely applied as a minimally invasive vascular imaging modality (1). To avoid venous enhancement and to improve arterial signalto-noise ratio (SNR) of the 3D data set, elliptical centricordered (EC) sequences are normally used to acquire central regions of k-space at the peak arterial enhancement (2). This requires accurate timing of the contrast arrival at the region of interest and also a good estimate of the contrast distribution time through the region on a patient-by-patient basis to optimize the acquisition parameters such as the injection rate, repetition time (TR), and data matrix size (3). Recessed EC sequences (4) were developed to minimize artifacts associated with timing errors and successfully improved the robustness of contrast-enhanced MRA in clinical applications. However, in some particular situations, such as among patients with arteriovenous fistula or arteriovenous malformations, the blood flow pattern may be significantly altered by irregular pathways and the time for artery-vein contrast passage may be shortened to only a few seconds (5). In such circumstances, venous contamination cannot be avoided even with an accurate timing of the contrast arrival.Time-resolved MRA has been developed for the applications where temporal resolution is of critical importance. Techniques such as time-resolved imaging of contrast kinetics (TRICKS) and projection-reconstruction TRICKS (6 -8) are able to produce 3D data sets at a high temporal rate (2-4 s/3D set) by undersampling data and using view-sharing reconstructions. Therefore, difficulties associated with contrast timing are avoided, and pathologic information can potentially be observed. However, these techniques are not without limitations. Due to the view-sharing (or sliding window) reconstructions, temporal information is smoothed. Therefore, rapid signal changes are not expected to be captured well. Furthermore, the undersampling of high-resolution data both spatially and temporally introduces concerns about the accuracy of the dynamic signals in small vessels.Alternatively, high temporal resolution can be achieved by trading off the spatial resolution in the through-plane dimension (9). This works well clinically when the signal overlapping in the throu...

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“…three-dimensional volume can be achieved by undersampled projection reconstruction (PR) acquisition (20). While this temporal resolution may be sufficient for peripheral MRA, a higher resolution is definitely desirable in more timing-sensitive applications such as carotid MRA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of matched‐filtered two‐dimensional projection and elliptical centric‐ordered three‐dimensional contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance angiography

Huang

Merchant

Wright

2004

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Purpose:To compare the image quality of matched-filtered two-dimensional projection magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) and elliptical centric-ordered (EC) three-dimensional MRA. Materials and Methods:Signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) of matched-filtered two-dimensional projection and EC threedimensional MRA are developed theoretically and compared by clinical studies, in which 10 -20 mL of gadolinium (Gd) was injected at 1.5 mL/second. The artery-vein contrast in twodimensional projection MRA was managed by manually selecting specific templates for the matched filters. Results:The SNR of matched-filtered two-dimensional projection MRA is superior to that of EC three-dimensional MRA for vessels wider than one pixel due to the integral effect. The artery-vein contrast can be managed flexibly in two-dimensional projection MRA by choosing different templates for the matched filter, while the artery-vein contrast in EC three-dimensional MRA is solely determined by the timing to start the acquisition. Conclusion:Matched-filtered two-dimensional projection MRA provides comparable image quality and is a flexible alternative to EC three-dimensional MRA in applications where contrast timing is difficult and temporal information is of interest. ELLIPTICAL CENTRIC-ORDERED (EC) three-dimensional contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) has become established as a minimally invasive vascular imaging modality in clinical practice (1). It provides a three-dimensional visualization of the arterial vasculature with good venous suppression and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) due to the centric k-space ordering and an extended acquisition time. An accurate timing of the acquisition relative to the peak contrast enhancement is crucial for optimal SNR and artery-vein contrast (2). The timing is usually measured either by a test bolus (3) or by a real-time triggering tool (4). In any case, there could be errors due to the complex blood flow patterns among the patient populations (5), which may cause venous contamination and/or loss of SNR. The other concern of EC three-dimensional MRA is that the signal intensities of small vessels and vessel edges are lower than those of large vessels (6). This is due to their relatively higher signal contribution from the high frequencies in k-space, which are scanned at reduced contrast concentration following first pass.Alternatively, two-dimensional projection MRA has been applied in the situations where timing is difficult, such as for imaging the runoff arteries of ankles and feet (7). Two-dimensional projection images are acquired repeatedly at a high temporal resolution. The arterial conspicuity and SNR can be improved by subtraction and matched filtering (8). However, the work on two-dimensional projection MRA has focused primarily on acquiring the high temporal information (9). The image quality is usually thought to be inferior to that of EC three-dimensional MRA even after postprocessing.In this study, we compare the image quality of EC three-dimensional MRA and two-dimension...

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Time‐resolved, undersampled projection reconstruction imaging for high‐resolution CE‐MRA of the distal runoff vessels

Cited by 73 publications

References 24 publications

Peripheral Vasculature: High-Temporal- and High-Spatial-Resolution Three-dimensional Contrast-enhanced MR Angiography

Peripheral Vasculature: High-Temporal- and High-Spatial-Resolution Three-dimensional Contrast-enhanced MR Angiography

Three‐dimensional reconstruction of limited‐view projections for contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance angiography at high temporal and spatial resolution

Comparison of matched‐filtered two‐dimensional projection and elliptical centric‐ordered three‐dimensional contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance angiography

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