Time resolved study of electrode reactions using Fourier transform impedance spectroscopy: mutually correlated adsorption kinetics of Cu2+ and ClO4− on gold

Measurement of differential capacitance for faradaic systems under potentiodynamic conditions: Considerations of Fourier transform and phase-selective techniques

“…We have previously discussed the theoretical and experimental considerations for FT-EIS [22,23]. Here, we briefly outline certain essential elements of this method that are relevant for the present work.…”

“…We have recently explored such a technique of time resolved Fourier transform electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (FT-EIS) [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32]. We demonstrate here that in the presence of complex multi-step faradaic reactions, the impedance response of the interface does not allow for straightforward determination of C diff through single frequency phase-selective measurements.…”

Interaction of thymine and copper adatoms on Au(111) electrodes

“…This phenomenon denoted as underpotential deposition (UPD) has its reason in the strong interaction between the substrate (Au (1 1 1)) and the deposited foreign metal (copper) which causes a shift of the reduction potential into positive potential regions. Whether thereby a full monolayer or a submonolayer of copper adatoms is formed depends on the applied potential as well as on the supporting electrolyte and the specifically adsorbing anions therein [6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. The Cu-UPD on Au (1 1 1) demonstrates in a lucid manner the significant role of specifically adsorbed anions for the kinetics and the ordering of the formed metal layers.…”

Dynamic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, for electrocatalytic reactions

“…Only later was voltammetry incorporated [7], and in only one case was the influence of sweep rate on the measurement considered [9]. Most subsequent workers preferred small potential steps, and continuous sweep FFT methods were popularized later by Darowicki [19][20][21][22][23], Roy [24][25][26][27][28][29] and Bond [11]. Ragoisha's potentiodynamic method introduced wavelets [30][31][32][33], but with 2 mV steps at 2 mV s −1 is strictly a staircase waveform.…”

“…Smith and coworkers pioneered fast FFT methods [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9], and others such as Bond [10,11], Osaka [12], Popkirov [13][14][15][16], Rosvall [17,18], Darowicki [19][20][21][22][23], Roy [24][25][26][27][28][29], Ragoisha [30][31][32][33], Hubin [34][35][36][37][38], Itagaki [39] and their coworkers have made advances through newer generations of computer technology and introduction of new algorithms. Smith's early work focused on fast measurements but not the dynamic aspect: the potential was stepped and then the measurement made after a settling time.…”