Time-Resolved Photoemission Electron Microscopy

Schönhense, G.; Elmers, H. J.; Nepijko, S.A.; Schneider, Christian

doi:10.1016/s1076-5670(05)42003-0

Cited by 49 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 251 publications

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“…The temporal evolution of the magnetic configuration in the nanostripes was obtained by recording images for different delays between the current and photon pulses. [13][14][15][16] If events are reproducible and reversible for each current pulse, the temporal resolution of this pump-probe technique is limited only by the duration of the photon pulses (50-60 ps). The total acquisition time of 1 min for each XMCD image implies that sequences of about 4 × 10 8 current (pump) and photon (probe) pulses were averaged.…”

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Direct observation of Oersted-field-induced magnetization dynamics in magnetic nanostripes

et al. 2011

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We have used time-resolved x-ray photoemission electron microscopy to investigate the magnetization dynamics induced by nanosecond current pulses in NiFe/Cu/Co nanostripes. A large tilt of the NiFe magnetization in the direction transverse to the stripe is observed during the pulses. We show that this effect cannot be quantitatively understood from the amplitude of the Oersted field and the shape anisotropy. High-frequency oscillations observed at the onset of the pulses are attributed to precessional motion of the NiFe magnetization about the effective field. We discuss the possible origins of the large magnetization tilt and the potential implications of the static and dynamic effects of the Oersted field on current-induced domain-wall motion in such stripes. The possibility of manipulating the magnetic configuration of nanostructures by using electrical currents is a recent, exciting development in spintronics. Electrical currents can affect the magnetization of magnetic nanostructures through both the charge and the spin of the conduction electrons. In recent years it has been shown that spin-transfer torque (STT) 1,2 and Rashba spin-orbit torque effects 3 act on the magnetization, in addition to the classical Oersted magnetic field H Oe . In general, the combination of these effects should be taken into account in the description of the magnetization dynamics during the application of a current pulse. For instance, it was shown that the contribution of the Oersted field and not only STT is needed to explain the magnetization reversal in trilayered pillars induced by a current flowing perpendicular to the plane of the layers.4,5 For in-plane currents, H Oe has been invoked to explain magnetization reversal in mesoscopic NiFe/Cu/Co/Au bars 6 and the resonant depinning of constricted domain walls (DWs) in NiFe/Cu/Co trilayers. 7Several studies on the effects of current pulses on the magnetization of nanostripes, mainly concerning currentinduced domain-wall motion (CIDM), have been based on the observation of the domain structure before and after the application of a current pulse. 8,9 However, the effect of the Oersted field on the magnetization can only be investigated by direct, dynamic observations during the current pulses. This has been achieved in this work, using time-resolved x-ray magnetic circular dichroism combined with photoemission electron microscopy (XMCD-PEEM). Our results show that the current-induced field during nanosecond pulses causes both quasistatic and precessional effects on the NiFe magnetization. These effects may contribute to the increased efficiency of current-induced domain-wall motion observed in such trilayers. 10-12Stacks of Cu(2 nm)/Ni 80 Fe 20 (5 nm)/Cu(5 nm)/Co(5 nm)/ CoO(6 nm) deposited on highly resistive Si(100) (ρ > 300 cm) were patterned in 400-nm-wide zigzag stripes, with angles of 90• and 13-μm-long straight sections, combining electron-beam lithography and ion-beam etching. Contact electrodes made of Ti/Au were subsequently deposited using evaporation and a lift-off...

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Direct observation of Oersted-field-induced magnetization dynamics in magnetic nanostripes

et al. 2011

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“…This technique has been used to study nanostructures significant for sensors, catalysts, magnetic materials and nanoscale devices and phenomena such as nanomagnetism. The recent development of timeresolved PEEM (tr-PEEM) [51][52][53][54][55] with sub-ns time resolution using a pump-probe method enables a real-time study on the dynamics in magnetism such as spin precession in a domain, domain wall motion, and vortex motion. Further details on tr-PEEM studies will be found in the review article by Kinoshita et al in this special issue.…”

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Time-Resolved Photoelectron Spectroscopies Using Synchrotron Radiation: Past, Present, and Future

Yamamoto

Matsuda

2013

J. Phys. Soc. Jpn.

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We present a review on a variety of time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopies (PES) using synchrotron radiation, which can reveal dynamical processes in a wide range of time scale from second to sub-femtosecond by taking advantage of time resolution of detectors or light sources or electronic transitions in matter. As a representative example of light source-based time-resolved PES, the newly developed time-resolved PES system at SPring-8 BL07LSU is introduced along with studies of carrier dynamics on a semiconductor surface. In addition, future direction of time-resolved PES furthered by the recent advances of light sources such as x-ray free electron laser will be discussed.

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“…One of these techniques is Photoemission Electron Microscopy (PEEM) in combination with polarized soft x-ray synchrotron radiation. It is a powerful tool to element-selectively investigate the local domain structure with both high spatial [13,14] and temporal [15] resolution, and has therefore been used as the main method in our studies.…”

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Magnetic microstructure of candidates for epitaxial dual Heusler magnetic tunnel junctions

Kaiser

Banerjee

Rata

et al. 2009

Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials

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Heusler alloys are considered as interesting ferromagnetic electrode materials for magnetic tunnel junctions, because of their high spin polarization. We therefore investigated the micromagnetic properties in a prototypical thin film system comprising two different Heusler phases Co2MnSi (CMS) and Co2FeSi (CFS) separated by a MgO barrier. The magnetic microstructure was investigated by x-ray photoemission microscopy (XPEEM). We find a strong influence of the Heusler phase formation process on the magnetic domain patterns. SiO2/V/CMS/MgO/CFS and SiO2/V/CFS/MgO/CMS trilayer structures exhibit a strikingly different magnetic behavior, which is due to pinhole coupling through the MgO barrier and a strong thickness dependence of the magnetic ordering in Co2MnSi.

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Time-Resolved Photoemission Electron Microscopy

Cited by 49 publications

References 251 publications

Direct observation of Oersted-field-induced magnetization dynamics in magnetic nanostripes

Direct observation of Oersted-field-induced magnetization dynamics in magnetic nanostripes

Time-Resolved Photoelectron Spectroscopies Using Synchrotron Radiation: Past, Present, and Future

Magnetic microstructure of candidates for epitaxial dual Heusler magnetic tunnel junctions

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