Time-Resolved Holography with Photoelectrons

Huismans, Ymkje; Rouzée, Arnaud; Gijsbertsen, A.; Jungmann, Julia H.; Smolkowska, Aneta; Logman, P S W M; Lépine, F.; Cauchy, C.; Zamith, Sébastien; Marchenko, T.; Bakker, Joost M.; Berden, Giel; Redlich, Britta; Meer, A.~F.~G. F G van der; Müller, H. G.; Vermin, Willem; Schafer, Kenneth J.; Spanner, Michael; Ivanov, Misha; Smirnova, Olga; Bauer, Dieter; Popruzhenko, S. V.; Vrakking, Marc J. J.

doi:10.1126/science.1198450

Cited by 535 publications

(596 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Examples of such features are abundant. For example, ATI electrons [1], Freeman resonances [2], "fanlike" angular distributions of low-energy photoelectrons [3][4][5], "holography" in the photoelectron momentum distributions [6][7][8], and the conspicuous low-energy structures (LES) of photoelectrons by midinfrared pulses [9][10][11]. In addition, there are fine features observed only in very carefully detailed measurements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fine structures in the intensity dependence of excitation and ionization probabilities of hydrogen atoms in intense 800-nm laser pulses

Tong

Morishita

et al. 2014

Phys. Rev. A

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We studied the elementary processes of excitation and ionization of atomic hydrogen in an intense 800-nm pulse with intensity in the 1.0 to 2.5 × 10 14 W/cm 2 range. By analyzing excitation as a continuation of above-threshold ionization (ATI) into the below-threshold negative energy region, we show that modulation of excitation probability and the well-known shift of low-energy ATI peaks vs laser intensity share the same origin. Modulation of excitation probability is a general strong field phenomenon and is shown to be a consequence of channel closing in multiphoton ionization processes. Furthermore, the excited states populated in general have large orbital angular momentum and they are stable against ionization by the intense 800-nm laser-they are the underlying reason for population trapping of atoms and molecules in intense laser fields.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fine structures in the intensity dependence of excitation and ionization probabilities of hydrogen atoms in intense 800-nm laser pulses

Tong

Morishita

et al. 2014

Phys. Rev. A

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“…its frequency. Because of their high energy, in contrast with that of direct electrons which is 2U p , RE can be used as signal and DE as reference to image atomic and molecular structure by photoelectron holography [20,25].Compared to atoms, the study of strong-field electron dynamics in molecules, in particular ionization, offers a richer perspective due to the additional degrees of freedom associated with the nuclei. Indeed, several phenomena due to the multicenter character of the molecular potential have already been discovered, such as charge-resonanceenhanced ionization [26] and light-induced-electron diffraction [27][28][29].…”

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confidence: 99%

“…In this process, high-energy photons are emitted as a result of electron recombination with the ionic core. HHG is currently used to produce ultrashort extreme ultraviolet laser pulses and trains of these pulses [16][17][18][19], and also to uncover multielectron dynamics in atoms and molecules [13,20] or the structure of atomic and molecular orbitals in the so-called orbital tomography [10,21,22].…”

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Correlated Electron and Nuclear Dynamics in Strong Field Photoionization ofH2+

et al. 2013

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We present a theoretical study of H þ 2 ionization under strong IR femtosecond pulses by using a method designed to extract correlated (2D) photoelectron and proton kinetic energy spectra. The results show two distinct ionization mechanisms-tunnel and multiphoton ionization-in which electrons and nuclei do not share the energy from the field in the same way. Electrons produced in multiphoton ionization share part of their energy with the nuclei, an effect that shows up in the 2D spectra in the form of energy-conservation fringes similar to those observed in weak-field ionization of diatomic molecules. In contrast, tunneling electrons lead to fringes whose position does not depend on the proton kinetic energy. At high intensity, the two processes coexist and the 2D plots show a very rich behavior, suggesting that the correlation between electron and nuclear dynamics in strong field ionization is more complex than one would have anticipated. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.113001 PACS numbers: 33.20.Xx, 33.60.+q, 33.80.Rv The interaction of atoms and molecules with intense infrared laser pulses has been the object of continuous research for more than two decades [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. Since the potential induced by such lasers on the electrons is comparable to or even stronger than that generated by the nuclei, the resulting electron dynamics is significantly different from that of the isolated system, which makes these lasers ideal tools to achieve electronic control [10][11][12][13]. Strong fields can efficiently excite and ionize atoms and molecules. The electrons, which can be ejected following either multiphoton absorption or tunneling, can either directly reach the detector after having been repeatedly accelerated and decelerated by the field [direct electrons (DE)] or recollide with the ionic core within an optical cycle [rescattered electrons (RE)] [14,15]. Only a small fraction of the ejected electrons rescatter, but this fraction is responsible for important nonlinear phenomena such as high-harmonic generation (HHG). In this process, high-energy photons are emitted as a result of electron recombination with the ionic core. HHG is currently used to produce ultrashort extreme ultraviolet laser pulses and trains of these pulses [16][17][18][19], and also to uncover multielectron dynamics in atoms and molecules [13,20] or the structure of atomic and molecular orbitals in the so-called orbital tomography [10,21,22].Rescattered electrons that do not recombine with the ion also leave their signature in the photoelectron spectra at relatively high energies, typically between 2U p and 10U p [23,24], where U p ¼ I=4! 2 is the electron ponderomotive energy (in a.u.), I is the laser intensity, and ! its frequency. Because of their high energy, in contrast with that of direct electrons which is 2U p , RE can be used as signal and DE as reference to image atomic and molecular structure by photoelectron holography [20,25].Compared to atoms, the study of strong-field electron dynamics in molecules, in particular ...

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“…The highest energy for a laser driven rescattering collision between a photoelectron and the ionizing parent ion is described by a '3.2U p ' rule [9], where U p = e 2 E 2 0 /(4mω 2 ) is the kinetic quiver energy, or ponderomotive energy, of a free electron charge e mass m in an oscillating electric field amplitude E 0 frequency ω. Elastic scattering of the photoelectron when it 're'-encounters the parent ion at this energy is responsible for the high energy plateau in the above-threshold ionization (ATI) [10] and has been used to image electron wave functions of molecules [11,12]. Inelastic scattering, including multielectron nonsequential (e,ne) ionization (NSI) [13], is a mechanism to further excite the parent ion and can photoinitiate inner-shell excitation (ISE) processes [14].…”

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confidence: 99%

Limits of Strong Field Rescattering in the Relativistic Regime

Klaiber

Hatsagortsyan

et al. 2017

Phys. Rev. Lett.

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Recollision for a laser driven atomic system is investigated in the relativistic regime via a strong field quantum description and Monte Carlo semiclassical approach. We find the relativistic recollision energy cutoff is independent of the ponderomotive potential U_p, in contrast to the well-known 3.2U_p scaling. The relativistic recollision energy cutoff is determined by the ionization potential of the atomic system and achievable with non-negligible recollision flux before entering a “rescattering free” interaction. The ultimate energy cutoff is limited by the available intensities of short wavelength lasers and cannot exceed a few thousand Hartree, setting a boundary for recollision based attosecond physics

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Time-Resolved Holography with Photoelectrons

Abstract: Time-Resolved Holography with Photoelectrons

Cited by 535 publications

References 26 publications

Fine structures in the intensity dependence of excitation and ionization probabilities of hydrogen atoms in intense 800-nm laser pulses

Fine structures in the intensity dependence of excitation and ionization probabilities of hydrogen atoms in intense 800-nm laser pulses

Correlated Electron and Nuclear Dynamics in Strong Field Photoionization ofH2+

Limits of Strong Field Rescattering in the Relativistic Regime

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