Time-Resolved Fluoroimmunoassay as an Advantageous Approach for Highly Efficient Determination of Sulfonamides in Environmental Waters

Abstract

Using monoclonal antibodies labeled with Eu 3+ chelates, timeresolved fluoroimmunoassay (TRFIA) methods were developed for the determination of trace sulfamethazine (SMZ), sulfamethoxazole (SMX), and sulfadiazine (SDZ) in environmental waters. Under the optimized conditions, the developed methods offered (i) low detection limits (9.8 ng/L SMZ, 6.1 ng/L SMX, and 5.4 ng/L SDZ, based on 90% inhibition) which were about 1 order of magnitude lower than that of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), (ii) high selectivity with no crossreactivity (<0.05%) to similarly structured sulfonamides; (iii) high tolerance to variation of the sample pH (6.0-9.0) and salinity (0-100 mM), as well as the presence of humic acid (0-100 mg/L DOC) and heavy metals (0-1 mg/L concentration each of Cu 2+ , Cd 2+ , Hg 2+ , Pb 2+ , and As(V)) in the samples, and (iv) direct determination with low cost, high sample throughput, and low sample consumption (50-100 µL). The proposed TRFIA procedures were applied to determine sulfonamides in a variety of surface water and wastewater samples without sample pretreatment other than filtration. The satisfactory recoveries (64-127%) and reproducibilities (CV ) 0.2-16%) achieved, as well as the good agreement with those given by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy and ELISA methods, demonstrated the applicability of the proposed TRFIA methods for routine screening/quantification of sulfonamides in environmental waters.

Upconversion fluorescence resonance energy transfer—a novel approach for sensitive detection of fluoroquinolones in water samples

“…Our results (data not shown) demonstrated that no obvious variations in the signal were noted after the addition of the heavy metal ions to the water samples (0-1 mg/L). These results are in agreement with our previous report [20].…”

“…However, the drawbacks of being laborious, time-consuming and solvent intensive limited their application. As an alternative, high-throughput immunoassay is a good choice for analysis of FQs from water samples, depending on their outstanding properties, the assays could screen containments from large amounts of samples in a short period of time [16][17][18][19][20]. But the methods cannot be done with an automated instrument, and cannot carry out on-site analysis for the organic pollutants because of relatively sophisticated procedures.…”

Recent advances in the analysis of TBBPA/TBBPS, TBBPA/TBBPS derivatives and their transformation products

“…As an alternative method for MS, immune analysis has been applied for detecting TBBPA and has shown promising potential for detecting MTDs. The determination of target MTDs based on immunoanalysis with high sensitivity and specificity, such as timeresolved fluoroimmunoassay (TRFIA), may become a promising strategy [60,61]. Another the technique of MTD determination is the establishment of a MIP method combining nanotechnology or electrochemical technology.…”

Time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay for quantitative determination of tylosin and tilmicosin in edible animal tissues

“…Europium-labeled MAbs (tracers) were prepared as described in the literature [24]. Briefly, 1 mg anti-tylosin MAb and 1 mg DTTA-Eu 3+ were mixed in 50 mmol L −1 sodium carbonate buffer (pH 9.6) in an amber bottle and then kept at 4°C with stirring for over 24 h. The mixture was purified by a Sephadex 6B/G-50 column and 0.1% (w/v) BSA was added to the collected MAb-DTTA-Eu 3+ .…”