Time-resolved analysis of particle emissions from residential biomass combustion – Emissions of refractory black carbon, PAHs and organic tracers

Nielsen, Ingeborg Elbæk; Eriksson, Axel; Lindgren, Robert; Martinsson, Johan; Nyström, Robin; Nordin, Erik; Sadiktsis, Ioannis; Boman, Christoffer; Nøjgaard, Jacob Klenø; Pagels, Joakim

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.06.033

Cited by 51 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…This is because the conversion of simple precursors to more complex PAHs and further into nascent soot is a temperature-driven process and lower flame temperatures might have inhibited the formation of heavier aromatic compounds which serve as precursor of soot [58]. For example, Nielsen et al [59] suggested that decreased local flame temperatures due to air-starved conditions decreased the conversion of PAHs into nascent soot. Furthermore, increasing moisture can lead to enhanced OH-radical formation in the oxidizing flame conditions, improving the burnout of soot and/or its precursors.…”

Section: Co No and Voc Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fine Particle Emissions from Sauna Stoves: Effects of Combustion Appliance and Fuel, and Implications for the Finnish Emission Inventory

et al. 2019

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Sauna Stoves (SS) are simple wood combustion appliances used mainly in Nordic countries. They generate emissions that have an impact on air quality and climate. In this study, a new measurement concept for comparing the operation, thermal efficiency, and real-life fine particle and gaseous emissions of SS was utilized. In addition, a novel, simple, and universal emission calculation procedure for the determination of nominal emission factors was developed for which the equations are presented for the first time. Fine particle and gaseous concentrations from 10 different types of SS were investigated. It was found that each SS model was an individual in relation to stove performance: stove heating time, air-to-fuel ratio, thermal efficiency, and emissions. Nine-fold differences in fine particle mass (PM1) concentrations, and about 90-fold differences in concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) were found between the SS, when dry (11% moisture content) birch wood was used. By using moist (18%) wood, particle number and carbon monoxide concentrations increased, but interestingly, PM1, PAH, and black carbon (BC) concentrations clearly decreased, when comparing to dry wood. E.g., PAH concentrations were 5.5–9.6 times higher with dry wood than with moist wood. Between wood species, 2–3-fold maximum differences in the emissions were found, whereas about 1.5-fold differences were observed between bark-containing and debarked wood logs. On average, the emissions measured in this study were considerably lower than in previous studies and emission inventories. This suggests that overall the designs of sauna stoves available on the market have improved during the 2010s. The findings of this study were used to update the calculation scheme behind the inventories, causing the estimates for total PM emissions from SS in Finland to decrease. However, wood-fired sauna stoves are still estimated to be the highest individual emission source of fine particles and black carbon in Finland.

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Section: Co No and Voc Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fine Particle Emissions from Sauna Stoves: Effects of Combustion Appliance and Fuel, and Implications for the Finnish Emission Inventory

et al. 2019

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“…High temperature pyrolysis or intense flaming conditions are known to increase the fraction of EC in the total carbonaceous aerosol emissions of BB (Hosseini et al, 2013;Eriksson et al, 2014;Martinsson et al, 2015;Nielsen et al, 2017). Several studies found that the lightabsorbing properties of BB OC could be parameterized as a function of the EC/OC or BC/organic aerosol (OA) ratio, a measurement proxy for burn conditions (McMeeking et al, 2014;Saleh et al, 2014;Lu et al, 2015;Pokhrel et al, 2016), and inferred that the absorptivity of Atmos.…”

Section: Light Absorption Of Extractable Ocmentioning

confidence: 99%

Composition and light absorption of nitroaromatic compounds in organic aerosols from laboratory biomass burning

Xie¹,

Chen²,

Hays³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Abstract. This study seeks to understand the compositional details of nitroaromatic compounds (NACs) emitted during biomass burning (BB) and their contribution to light-absorbing organic carbon (OC), also termed brown carbon (BrC). Three laboratory BB experiments were conducted with two U.S. pine forest understory fuels typical of those consumed during prescribed fires. During the experiments, submicron aerosol particles were collected on filter media and subsequently extracted with methanol and examined for their optical and chemical properties. Significant correlations (p < 0.05) were observed between BrC absorption and elemental carbon (EC)/OC ratios for test specific data. However, the pooled experimental data indicated that the BB BrC absorption depends on more than the BB fire conditions as represented by the EC/OC ratio. Fourteen NACs were identified in the BB samples, four of which (C10H11NO4, C10H11NO5, C11H13NO5 and C11H13NO6) have not been observed previously in chamber-based secondary organic aerosols, and are expected to have methoxyphenol-type structure specific to the pyrolized biomass lignin based on mass spectral evidence, suggesting these compounds may be unique to BB aerosols. The average total contribution of NACs to organic mass (0.023 &#177; 0.0089 to 0.18 &#177; 0.067&#8201;%) was 5&#8211;10 times lower than the average contribution to the overall BrC absorption at 365&#8201;nm (0.12 &#177; 0.047 to 2.44 &#177; 0.67&#8201;%). The average contributions (%) of total NACs to organic mass and aqueous extracts absorption correlated significantly (p < 0.05) with EC/OC for both test specific and pooled experimental data. These results suggested that the formation of NACs from BB depended more on burn conditions than the bulk absorptive properties of BB BrC.

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“…Note the emission sources of PAHs are similar as those of refractory black carbon (rBC) or soot, and PAHs are in fact intermediates during soot formation [29], and can be converted to soot during combustion [28,30,31]. Different PAH compounds have different gas-to-particle partitioning properties [32][33][34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of Black Carbon Particle-Bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Two Sites of Nanjing and Shanghai, China

Cui

Lei

et al. 2020

Atmosphere

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Airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are of great concern to human health due to their potential high toxicity. Understanding the characteristics and sources of PAHs, as well as the governing factors, is therefore critical. PAHs and refractory black carbon (rBC) are both from combustion sources. This work, for the first time, investigated exclusively the rBC-bound PAH properties by using a laser-only Aerodyne soot-particle aerosol mass spectrometer (SP-AMS). This technique offers highly time-resolved PAH results that a traditional offline measurement is unable to provide. We analyzed two datasets conducted in urban Shanghai during the fall of 2018 and in suburban Nanjing during the winter of 2017, respectively. Results show that the average concentration of PAHs in Nanjing was much higher than that in Shanghai. Nanjing PAHs contained more low molecular weight components while Shanghai PAHs contained more high molecular weight ones. PAHs in Shanghai presented two peaks in early morning and evening, while Nanjing PAHs had only one significant morning peak, but remained high throughout the nighttime. A multi-linear regression algorithm combined with positive matrix factorization (PMF) analyses on sources of PAHs reveals that the industry emissions contributed the majority of PAHs in Nanjing (~80%), while traffic emissions dominated PAHs in Shanghai (~70%). We further investigated the relationships between PAHs with various factors. PAHs in both sites tended to positively correlate with primary pollutants, including primary organic aerosol (OA) factors, and gaseous pollutants of CO, NO 2 and SO 2 , but negatively correlated with secondary OA factors and O 3 . This result highlights the enhancement of rBC-bound PAHs level due to primary emissions and their oxidation loss upon atmospheric aging reactions. High concentration of PAHs seemed to frequently appear under low temperature and high relative humidity conditions, especially in Shanghai.

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Time-resolved analysis of particle emissions from residential biomass combustion – Emissions of refractory black carbon, PAHs and organic tracers

Cited by 51 publications

References 60 publications

Fine Particle Emissions from Sauna Stoves: Effects of Combustion Appliance and Fuel, and Implications for the Finnish Emission Inventory

Fine Particle Emissions from Sauna Stoves: Effects of Combustion Appliance and Fuel, and Implications for the Finnish Emission Inventory

Composition and light absorption of nitroaromatic compounds in organic aerosols from laboratory biomass burning

Characteristics of Black Carbon Particle-Bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Two Sites of Nanjing and Shanghai, China

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