“…In general, biosensors consist of two components: a biomolecule, which is a highly specific recognition element, and a transducer, such as an electrode [3], or an optical fiber [4], that converts the molecular recognition event into a quantifiable signal. Signal transduction has been carried out with electrochemical [5], quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) [6], optical absorption [7], fluorescence [8], surface plasmon resonance (SPR) [9], and other transducers. In these biosensors, biomolecules (ligand), such as enzymes [10], antibodies [11], oligonucleotides [12][13][14], microorganisms [15], peptides [16], cells [17] were immobilized on a solid substrate by numerous steps and used to detect the presence of an analyte, such as enzymatic substrates, antigens, oligonucleotides and so on.…”