Abstract:Surveys regarding practitioner perceptions of time requirements for psychological testing were mailed to a national sample of clinical psychologists. There were 228 (36%) returns from 630 mailings actually received. On the basis of 151 usable returns from respondents who conduct psychological testing services, data are presented separately for time requirements associated with administering, scoring, and interpreting the 24 most commonly used tests. Data are also presented regarding the composition of typical … Show more
“…Five of the top six most frequently used computerized tests identified in the total sample in the present study (MMPI/ MMPI-2, Rorschach, MCMI II/III, WAIS-R/WAIS III, WISC-R/WISC III) are among the tests most frequently used in clinical practice as identified in recent surveys (Ball et al, 1994;Piotrowski et al, 1998;Watkins et al, 1995). These five tests also are among those that psychologists most often recommend for training (Piotrowski & Zalewski, 1993;Watkins et al, 1995).…”
Section: Computerized Psychological Test Usagementioning
confidence: 56%
“…The questionnaire listed widely used psychological tests as indicated by surveys of psychological test usage (Ball et al, 1994;Piotrowski, Belter, & Keller, 1998;Piotrowski & Keller, 1989Piotrowski & Zalewski, 1993;Watkins, Campbell, Nieberding, & Hallmark, 1995), and catalog listings of available computerizedpsychological-assessment software from major psychological test publishers including the Psychological Corporation, National Computer Systems (NCS), Psychological Assessment Resources (PAR), Western Psychological Services, American Guidance Service (AGS), Riverside Publishing, Multi-Health Systems (MHS), and Sigma Assessment Systems. Only measures for current, commercially available computer software were included in the questionnaire.…”
Section: Measurementioning
confidence: 99%
“…Many managedhealth-care organizations do not view psychological assessment as a useful clinical activity, are reluctant to preauthorize testing, and limit reimbursement for assessment (Eisman et al, 1998). A survey by Ball et al (1994) found that total testing time for many standard psychological tests exceeded allowances made by many third-party payers. For university programs, costs of computerized testing software can be reduced by discounts offered by some companies to psychology training programs.…”
Section: Computerized Psychological Test Usagementioning
confidence: 99%
“…More than half rated themselves as mildly to highly technophobic. Ball, Archer, and Imhof (1994) found higher computer utilization among psychologists who provided testing services, with the most frequent uses of the computer being test scoring (56%) and test interpretation (36%), although computerized test administration was rare (8%). Ball et al noted that their study was limited by a relatively small sample size in response to their mail survey; the Rosen and Weil (1996) study used a telephone interview.…”
Despite the advantages of computerized psychological assessment and the proliferation of assessment software, many psychologists still do not use computerized assessment, and its utilization has not increased during the past decade. Two-hundred-fifty-one APA-accredited training programs in clinical and counseling psychology were surveyed concerning their use of computerized psychological assessment. Directors reported a median of only three computerized tests used in their training programs. Twenty-five percent of the respondents reported no computerized psychological tests in their training programs. The computerized tests most-often used in psychology programs were compared to results of surveys of psychological tests most-often used in clinical practice.
“…Five of the top six most frequently used computerized tests identified in the total sample in the present study (MMPI/ MMPI-2, Rorschach, MCMI II/III, WAIS-R/WAIS III, WISC-R/WISC III) are among the tests most frequently used in clinical practice as identified in recent surveys (Ball et al, 1994;Piotrowski et al, 1998;Watkins et al, 1995). These five tests also are among those that psychologists most often recommend for training (Piotrowski & Zalewski, 1993;Watkins et al, 1995).…”
Section: Computerized Psychological Test Usagementioning
confidence: 56%
“…The questionnaire listed widely used psychological tests as indicated by surveys of psychological test usage (Ball et al, 1994;Piotrowski, Belter, & Keller, 1998;Piotrowski & Keller, 1989Piotrowski & Zalewski, 1993;Watkins, Campbell, Nieberding, & Hallmark, 1995), and catalog listings of available computerizedpsychological-assessment software from major psychological test publishers including the Psychological Corporation, National Computer Systems (NCS), Psychological Assessment Resources (PAR), Western Psychological Services, American Guidance Service (AGS), Riverside Publishing, Multi-Health Systems (MHS), and Sigma Assessment Systems. Only measures for current, commercially available computer software were included in the questionnaire.…”
Section: Measurementioning
confidence: 99%
“…Many managedhealth-care organizations do not view psychological assessment as a useful clinical activity, are reluctant to preauthorize testing, and limit reimbursement for assessment (Eisman et al, 1998). A survey by Ball et al (1994) found that total testing time for many standard psychological tests exceeded allowances made by many third-party payers. For university programs, costs of computerized testing software can be reduced by discounts offered by some companies to psychology training programs.…”
Section: Computerized Psychological Test Usagementioning
confidence: 99%
“…More than half rated themselves as mildly to highly technophobic. Ball, Archer, and Imhof (1994) found higher computer utilization among psychologists who provided testing services, with the most frequent uses of the computer being test scoring (56%) and test interpretation (36%), although computerized test administration was rare (8%). Ball et al noted that their study was limited by a relatively small sample size in response to their mail survey; the Rosen and Weil (1996) study used a telephone interview.…”
Despite the advantages of computerized psychological assessment and the proliferation of assessment software, many psychologists still do not use computerized assessment, and its utilization has not increased during the past decade. Two-hundred-fifty-one APA-accredited training programs in clinical and counseling psychology were surveyed concerning their use of computerized psychological assessment. Directors reported a median of only three computerized tests used in their training programs. Twenty-five percent of the respondents reported no computerized psychological tests in their training programs. The computerized tests most-often used in psychology programs were compared to results of surveys of psychological tests most-often used in clinical practice.
Psychological assessment is a hybrid, both art and science. The empirical foundations of testing are indispensable in providing reliable and valid data. At the level of the integrated assessment, however, science gives way to art. Standards of reliability and validity account for the individual instrument; they do not account for the integration of data into a comprehensive assessment. This article examines the current climate of psychological assessment, selectively reviewing the literature of the past decade. Ethics, expertise, and validity are the components under discussion. Psychologists can and do take precautions to ensure that the "art" of their work holds as much merit as the science.
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