Time-related changes in snow chemistry — Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica

Warburton, J. A.; Molenar, John V.; Cornish, C. R.; Owens, Michael S.; Young, L. G.

doi:10.1016/0165-232x(81)90028-8

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Recent paleoclimatological studies have suggested that aerosol deposition on Antarctica was greater toward the end of the last glacial period (10,000 to 30,000 years ago) than at present (Petit, Briat, and Royer 1981), and that recent particle deposition is higher in autumn and late winter and spring (Warburton et al 1981). Particle transport from the mid-latitude continents and deposition upon Antarctica is believed to be greater in periods of high wind strength and storminess at higher Southern latitudes.…”

Section: Discussion and Summarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Variability of Antarctic Temperature Anomalies and Their Association With the Southern Hemisphere Atmospheric Circulation

Rogers

1983

Annals of the Association of American Geographers

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The spatial variability of seasonal mean temperature departures at 26 stations around Antarctica, southern South America, and nearby islands is shown using factor analysis. An opposition in temperature anomalies between mainland stations and those on or near the Antarctic Peninsula is a recurring pattern of spatial variability in all seasons but spring. Other factors indicate that temperature anomalies alternate in sign around the continent and especially near the peninsula. The association between the spatial patterns of temperature variability and features of the atmospheric circulation at middle and higher latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere is also examined. In each season the time series of one factor is significantly associated with temporal variations in the strength of the 500 mb westerlies, measured using height differences across six pairs of middle-latitude and Antarctic stations. In winter and summer the westerlies are linked to the mainlandiPeninsula temperature opposition pattern such that when zonal flow is anomalously strong, mainland stations are anomalously cold. In autumn and spring, temperature variability is highly related to meridional flow strength over New Zealand and in the lee of the Andes, and is associated with interannual longitudinal shifts in the positions of the climatological lows near the Antarctic coast. A deep Andes trough is associated with longerthan-usual ice duration at the South Orkneys. Historically, strong troughing and heavy sea-ice conditions in the South Atlantic occurred between 1920 and 1935.

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Section: Discussion and Summarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Variability of Antarctic Temperature Anomalies and Their Association With the Southern Hemisphere Atmospheric Circulation

Rogers

1983

Annals of the Association of American Geographers

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“…Warburton and Linkletter (1977) showed that there were close correlations between chemical features in snow-depth profiles measured at several sites on the Ross Ice Shelf, and suggested that the ratios of depths of the chemical features at different sites were similar to the ratios of accumulation at these sites as determined by Crary and others. This was documented further by Warburton and Linkletter (1978), and Warburton and others (1981). Glausen and Dansgaard (1977) sampled a substantial number of locations in the north-western section of the Ross Ice Shelf and have documented accumulation estimates for 36 sites covering an area of approximately 100000 km 2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…They concluded that sodium maxima, which they found in vertical chemical profiles at three sites on the Ross Ice Shelf, are seasonal in nature, occurring in the winter or early spring as was the case for Greenland ice. Warburton and others (1981) have suggested that the ocean is the principal source of silver in snow on the Ross Ice Shelf; manganese and iron, on the other hand, manifest crustal ratios on the ice shelf. Warburton and Linkletter (1977, 1978) have further suggested that on the Ross Ice Shelf the locations of chemical features of depth profiles in the snow at different sites are related to the corresponding accumulation at those sites.…”

Section: Chemical Deposition On Ross Ice Shelfmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Estimating Ratios of Snow Accumulation in Antarctica by Chemical Methods

Warburton

Young

1981

J. Glaciol.

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ABSTRACT. Snow and firn samples from 2 and 5 m deep pits were analyzed for seven sites on the Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica. Na, Mg, Ca, and K concentrations change with depth, the range of concentrations being approximately 10 : I for all four elements. The changes in concentrations for the four elements at any one site are highly correlated, suggesting that the impurities are introduced into the snow-pack simultaneously by the same mechanisms.Pronounced periodic stru cture of the vertical chemical profiles leads to strong correlations (y> o.g) of the chemical features from site to site separated by distances up to 440 km.Assuming that the observed chemical features are periodic as a function of depth due to temporal variations caused by large-scale phenomena, then the wavelength (in depth) of these features should be proportional to the accumulation. Under the assumptions, the linear regression ratio of one site to another will give the relative accumulations at these sites. The ratios of snow accumulation estimated by these chemical methods agree, within a few per cent, with the ratios for the same sites estimated by total ,B-activity or stratigraphic methods.It is suggested that the chemical variations with depth are caused by meteorological events which may have seasonal changes in frequency and intensity. It is also suggested that the most-favored season for the production of chemical-concentration maxima is autumn because of the documented higher frequency of precipitating storms on the Ross Ice Shelf and the minimum in sea-ice extent at that time of year. RESUME. L' estimation des taux d' accumulation de la neige en Antarctique par des methodes chimiques.On a analyse des echan tillons de neige et glace issus de carottages a 2 et 5 m de profondeur en sept si tes du Ross Ice Shelf en Antarctique. Les concentrations en Na, Mg, Ca et K varient avec la profondeur, le rapport des concentrations extremes etant approximativement de 10 pour I pour to us ces elements. Les variations des concentrations pour les quatre elements en un site sont etroitement correlees, ce qui suggere que les impuretes proviennent des memes causes.De fortes correlations temporelles (avec des coefficients de correlation superieurs a o,g) existent entre les variations chimiques d'un site a un autre separe par des distances allant jusqu'a 440 km.Comme les rapports des profondeurs des particularites chimiques en differents sites sont semblables aux rapports entre les accumulations de neige a ces memes sites, on peut utiliser les variations chimiques pour estimer les accumulations relatives. Les taux d'accumulation de la neige estimes par ces resultats chimiques concordent a quelques pour cent pres, avec les taux d'accumulation dans les memes sites estimes grace a la radiation f3 totale ou par des methodes stratigraphiques.On emet I'hypothese que les variations chimiques avec la profondeur ont pour origine des evenements meteorologiques qui peuvent avoir des variations saisonnieres en frequence et en intensite. La saison la plus favorable pour ...

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“…The chemical composition of trace impurities present in coastal snow is relatively well known. Data are numerous, and they concern different regions of the Antarctic continent such as the Ross Ice Shelf [Langway et al, 1974;Warburton and Linkletter, 1977;Warburton et al, 1981], Adelie Land [Lorius et al, 1969;Briat et al, 1974;Boutron, 1978], the Antarctic Peninsula [Aristarain and Delmas, 1981; Aristarain, 1980], etc. As an example, the chemical composition of the main trace elements measured at D 10 (Adelie Land, 5 km from the coast) is given in Table 1.…”

Section: Chemistry Of Coastal Antarctic Snowmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemistry of south polar snow

Delmas¹,

Briat²,

Legrand³

1982

J. Geophys. Res.

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The chemical composition of trace impurities present in recent Antarctic snow is reviewed and interpreted. In coastal areas, sea salt is found to be important, while at the South Pole this contribution is much lower (10–15% of the bulk deposition). Insoluble impurities play a negligible role. Gas‐derived ions (SO4, NO3, NH4, Cl) are the major components deposited in central Antarctica, the anions forming the more important fraction. When considering the ionic budget of these impurities, the proton is dominant. The Antarctic snow meltwater can therefore be described as a very diluted mixture of natural acids (most likely H2SO4 and HNO3) containing a small amount of neutral salts. The possible sources of all these chemical species are briefly discussed.

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Time-related changes in snow chemistry — Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica

Cited by 9 publications

References 9 publications

Spatial Variability of Antarctic Temperature Anomalies and Their Association With the Southern Hemisphere Atmospheric Circulation

Spatial Variability of Antarctic Temperature Anomalies and Their Association With the Southern Hemisphere Atmospheric Circulation

Estimating Ratios of Snow Accumulation in Antarctica by Chemical Methods

Chemistry of south polar snow

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