Time‐related changes in equine neutrophils after experimental endotoxemia: myeloperoxidase staining, size, and numbers

Lilliehöök, Inger; Tvedten, Harold; Bröjer, Johan; Edner, Anna; Nostell, Katarina

doi:10.1111/vcp.12334

Cited by 21 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…A few days after stimulation, large neutrophils may appear, presumably due to skipped maturation stages. For instance, larger neutrophils were found in horses two to three days post endotoxin infusion [73]. A similar picture of giant neutrophils after abnormal maturation was seen in AIDS patients [74].…”

Section: Sizementioning

confidence: 57%

What Is the Evolutionary Fingerprint in Neutrophil Granulocytes?

Fingerhut

Dolz

Buhr

2020

IJMS

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Over the years of evolution, thousands of different animal species have evolved. All these species require an immune system to defend themselves against invading pathogens. Nevertheless, the immune systems of different species are obviously counteracting against the same pathogen with different efficiency. Therefore, the question arises if the process that was leading to the clades of vertebrates in the animal kingdom—namely mammals, birds, amphibians, reptiles, and fish—was also leading to different functions of immune cells. One cell type of the innate immune system that is transmigrating as first line of defense in infected tissue and counteracts against pathogens is the neutrophil granulocyte. During the host–pathogen interaction they can undergo phagocytosis, apoptosis, degranulation, and form neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). In this review, we summarize a wide spectrum of information about neutrophils in humans and animals, with a focus on vertebrates. Special attention is kept on the development, morphology, composition, and functions of these cells, but also on dysfunctions and options for cell culture or storage.

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Section: Sizementioning

confidence: 57%

What Is the Evolutionary Fingerprint in Neutrophil Granulocytes?

Fingerhut

Dolz

Buhr

2020

IJMS

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“…This study is part of a larger investigation on endotoxemia in horses, and the description of experimental design and horses has been published 10,11 . Briefly, eight adult (3‐14 years) standardbred trotters (five mares and three geldings) with body weights of 423‐570 kg were included.…”

Section: H N Pgm Hematology Saa + Ironmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hematologic, prostaglandin F_2α‐metabolite, serum amyloid A, and serum iron changes in horses with experimentally induced endotoxemia

Lilliehöök

Bröjer

Nostell

et al. 2020

Veterinary Clinical Pathol

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Background: Endotoxemia is a common and severe disease of horses. Most previous studies have monitored changes caused by a bolus dose of endotoxin over short time periods. Objectives: We aimed to describe inflammatory responses to endotoxin with inflammatory and hematologic markers monitored over a longer time than has been performed in the past using more prolonged endotoxin exposures. Methods: Escherichia coli O55:B5 endotoxin was administered as a 6-hour continuous intravenous infusion of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to eight horses. Blood cell counts, and prostaglandin F 2α-metabolite (PGM), serum amyloid A (SAA), and serum total iron concentrations were monitored for up to 3 or 6 days. Results: An immediate and severe decrease in neutrophils and monocytes occurred in all horses, which subsequently changed to a moderate to strong neutrophilia and monocytosis that persisted for more than 78 hours postinfusion (PI) of LPS. Lymphocyte and eosinophil numbers decreased gradually and then normalized after 66-and 78-hours PI, respectively. Mild to moderate, biphasic thrombocytopenia occurred. A pronounced, transient increase in PGM occurred between 1 and 7 hours, peaking at 2 hours. Serum amyloid A began to increase after 6 hours PI and remained elevated after 72 hours PI. Serum iron was decreased between 6 and 48 hours. The clinical signs were most prominent during the first 24 hours PI and subsided within 48 hours PI. Conclusions: Neutrophilia, monocytoses, and high SAA concentrations were present in horses even after the clinical signs had subsided. Serum iron normalized before SAA. Knowledge of these findings is imperative when interpreting laboratory results in horses with possible endotoxin exposure.

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“…63 Rebound neutrophilia associated with demargination is then observed 6 to 12 hours after LPS exposure after activation of the inflammatory cascade and signaling through IL-8, IL-23, and TGF-β. 64 In the current study, rebound neutrophilia was more profound for up to 12 hours after LPS exposure in horses that were administered AA. This might be due to mitigation of neutrophil depletion associated with oxidative stress.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 46%

Effects of administration of ascorbic acid and low‐dose hydrocortisone after infusion of sublethal doses of lipopolysaccharide to horses

Anderson

Ibrahim

Cooper

et al. 2020

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Background: Sepsis is associated with ascorbic acid (AA) depletion and critical illness-related corticosteroid insufficiency (CIRCI) in humans. Hypotheses: Intravenous infusion of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) would (a) decrease endogneous AA concentrations, (b) induce CIRCI and (c) administration of a combination of AA and hydrocortisone (HC) would have decreased indices of inflammation compared to either drug alone. Animals: Thirty-two healthy horses. Methods: Randomized placebo-controlled experimental trial. Horses were assigned to 1 of 4 groups (saline, AA and HC, AA only, or HC only). Treatments were administered 1 hour after completion of LPS infusion. Clinical signs, clinicopathological variables, pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression and production, and plasma AA concentrations were assessed at various time points. Serum cortisol concentrations and ACTH stimulation tests were used to detect CIRCI. Results: There was no effect of drug on clinical signs or pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression or production compared to controls at any time point. Administration of AA was associated with higher blood neutrophil counts 6 hours after LPS infusion (11.01 ± 1.02 K/μl) compared to other groups (8.99 ± 0.94 K/μL; P < .009).

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Time‐related changes in equine neutrophils after experimental endotoxemia: myeloperoxidase staining, size, and numbers

Abstract: Endotoxemia caused prominent, time-related changes in equine neutrophil characteristics including emergence of giant neutrophils and markedly decreased MPXI several days after endotoxin infusion.

Cited by 21 publications

References 12 publications

What Is the Evolutionary Fingerprint in Neutrophil Granulocytes?

What Is the Evolutionary Fingerprint in Neutrophil Granulocytes?

Hematologic, prostaglandin F_2α‐metabolite, serum amyloid A, and serum iron changes in horses with experimentally induced endotoxemia

Effects of administration of ascorbic acid and low‐dose hydrocortisone after infusion of sublethal doses of lipopolysaccharide to horses

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Time‐related changes in equine neutrophils after experimental endotoxemia: myeloperoxidase staining, size, and numbers

Abstract: Endotoxemia caused prominent, time-related changes in equine neutrophil characteristics including emergence of giant neutrophils and markedly decreased MPXI several days after endotoxin infusion.

Cited by 21 publications

References 12 publications

What Is the Evolutionary Fingerprint in Neutrophil Granulocytes?

What Is the Evolutionary Fingerprint in Neutrophil Granulocytes?

Hematologic, prostaglandin F2α‐metabolite, serum amyloid A, and serum iron changes in horses with experimentally induced endotoxemia

Effects of administration of ascorbic acid and low‐dose hydrocortisone after infusion of sublethal doses of lipopolysaccharide to horses

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Hematologic, prostaglandin F_2α‐metabolite, serum amyloid A, and serum iron changes in horses with experimentally induced endotoxemia