Time processing in children with Tourette’s syndrome

Vicario, Carmelo M.; Martino, Davide; Spata, Felice; Defazio, Giovanni; Giacchè, Roberta; Martino, Vito; Rappo, Gaetano; Pepi, Anna Maria; Silvestri, Paola R.; Cardona, Francesco

doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2010.01.008

Cited by 45 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…This agrees with the suggestion of some potential role of sensorimotor regions in motor timing tasks (Vicario et al, 2010, 2011; Bengtsson et al, 2005; Lewis and Miall, 2006; Jantzen et al, 2007; Wiener et al, 2010). …”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 91%

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Left hand dominance affects supra-second time processing

Vicario

Bonnı̀

Koch

2011

Front. Integr. Neurosci.

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Previous studies exploring specific brain functions of left- and right-handed subjects have shown variances in spatial and motor abilities that might be explained according to consistent structural and functional differences. Given the role of both spatial and motor information in the processing of temporal intervals, we designed a study aimed at investigating timing abilities in left-handed subjects. To this purpose both left- and right-handed subjects were asked to perform a time reproduction of sub-second vs. supra-second time intervals with their left and right hand. Our results show that during processing of the supra-second intervals left-handed participants sub-estimated the duration of the intervals, independently of the hand used to perform the task, while no differences were reported for the sub-second intervals. These results are discussed on the basis of recent findings on supra-second motor timing, as well as emerging evidence that suggests a linear representation of time with a left-to-right displacement.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…We used a version of the time reproduction task previously used by other authors (Jones et al, 2004; Koch et al, 2007; Vicario et al, 2010). Subjects sat at a distance of 60 cm opposite the monitor configured to a refresh rate of 100 Hz.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Left hand dominance affects supra-second time processing

Vicario

Bonnı̀

Koch

2011

Front. Integr. Neurosci.

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“…Taken together, TS in particular has long been viewed as a disorder of inhibition yet experimental studies with diagnosed participants typically find little deficit on tasks thought to involve inhibitory processes (Channon et al, 2003, 2006, 2009; Roessner et al, 2008). Moreover, an extensive series of studies provides compelling evidence consistent with enhanced cognitive control in (in some cases unmedicated) individuals with pure TS (Mueller et al, 2006; Jackson et al, 2007, 2011a; Vicario et al, 2010; Jung et al, 2014). These findings could relate to the development of functional compensation, triggered by the need to suppress tics, in the frontal lobes of TS sufferers (Serrien et al, 2005; Nelson et al, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Tourette-like behaviors in the normal population are associated with hyperactive/impulsive ADHD-like behaviors but do not relate to deficits in conditioned inhibition or response inhibition

Heym¹,

Kantini²,

Checkley³

et al. 2014

Front. Psychol.

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Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Tourette Syndrome (TS) present as distinct conditions clinically; however, comorbidity and inhibitory control deficits have been proposed for both. Whilst such deficits have been studied widely within clinical populations, findings are mixed—partly due to comorbidity and/or medication effects—and studies have rarely distinguished between subtypes of the disorders. Studies in the general population are sparse. Using a continuity approach, the present study examined (i) the relationships between inattentive and hyperactive/impulsive aspects of ADHD and TS-like behaviors in the general population, and (ii) their unique associations with automatic and executive inhibitory control, as well as (iii) yawning (a proposed behavioral model of TS). One hundred and thirty-eight participants completed self-report measures for ADHD and TS-like behaviors as well as yawning, and a conditioned inhibition task to assess automatic inhibition. A sub-sample of fifty-four participants completed three executive inhibition tasks. An exploratory factor analysis of the TS behavior checklist supported a distinction between phonic and motor like pure TS behaviors. Whilst hyperactive/impulsive aspects of ADHD were associated with increased pure and compulsive TS-like behaviors, inattention in isolation was related to reduced obsessive-compulsive TS-like behaviors. TS-like behaviors were associated with yawning during situations of inactivity, and specifically motor TS was related to yawning during stress. Phonic TS and inattention aspects of ADHD were associated with yawning during concentration/activity. Whilst executive interference control deficits were linked to hyperactive/impulsive ADHD-like behaviors, this was not the case for inattentive ADHD or TS-like behaviors, which instead related to increased performance on some measures. No associations were observed for automatic conditioned inhibition.

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“…However, these authors measured time intervals using a manual stopwatch, which is poorly accurate. A study by Vicario et al (2010) has documented higher accuracy in the processing of supra-second intervals in TS children with lower tic severity, compared to age-matched healthy volunteers (Vicario et al, 2010). This result was explained by suggesting the existence of an effective compensatory modulation phenomenon, in correspondence of the prefrontal cortex, leading to better tic inhibition and increased precision in explicit processing of supra-second time intervals.…”

Section: Evidence On Motor Timing Abnormalities In Movement Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time Processing and Motor Control in Movement Disorders

Avanzino

Pelosin

Vicario

et al. 2016

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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The subjective representation of “time” is critical for cognitive tasks but also for several motor activities. The neural network supporting motor timing comprises: lateral cerebellum, basal ganglia, sensorimotor and prefrontal cortical areas. Basal ganglia and associated cortical areas act as a hypothetical “internal clock” that beats the rhythm when the movement is internally generated. When timing information is processed to make predictions on the outcome of a subjective or externally perceived motor act, cerebellar processing and outflow pathways appear to be primarily involved. Clinical and experimental evidence on time processing and motor control points to a dysfunction of the neural networks involving basal ganglia and cerebellum in movement disorders. In some cases, temporal processing deficits could directly contribute to core motor features of the movement disorder, as in the case of bradykinesia in Parkinson's disease. For other movement disorders, the relationship between abnormal time processing and motor performance is less obvious and requires further investigation, as in the reduced accuracy in predicting the temporal outcome of a motor act in dystonia. We aim to review the literature on time processing and motor control in Parkinson's disease, dystonia, Huntington's disease, and Tourette syndrome, integrating the available findings with current pathophysiological models; we will highlight the areas in which future explorations are warranted, as well as the aspects of time processing in motor control that present translational aspects in future rehabilitation strategies. The subjective representation of “time” is critical for cognitive tasks but also for motor activities. Recently, greater attention has been devoted to improve our understanding of how temporal information becomes integrated within the mechanisms of motor control. Experimental evidence recognizes time processing in motor control as a complex neural function supported by diffuse cerebral networks including cortical areas, cerebellum, and other subcortical structures (Ivry and Spencer, 2004; Coull and Nobre, 2008). Timing is an essential component of motor control primarily within two types of motor tasks: (i) when producing sequential rhythmic movements or sustained movements of a definite duration (explicit timing); (ii) when the temporal information is used implicitly, such as when coordinating our movements to those of moving objects or individuals within the external environment (implicit timing). In this review, we will provide a brief description of the neural network supporting motor timing focusing only on instrumental information to explain the link between timing and motor control in movement disorders. Then we will review available data on motor timing in Parkinson's disease, dystonia, Huntington's disease, and Tourette syndrome, and discuss how this body of evidence integrates with the available information on the pathophysiology of these movement disorders. Finally, we will discuss the translational aspects of the exp...

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Time processing in children with Tourette’s syndrome

Cited by 45 publications

References 56 publications

Left hand dominance affects supra-second time processing

Left hand dominance affects supra-second time processing

Tourette-like behaviors in the normal population are associated with hyperactive/impulsive ADHD-like behaviors but do not relate to deficits in conditioned inhibition or response inhibition

Time Processing and Motor Control in Movement Disorders

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