Surface and adsorption structures of dioctadecyl sulfide (DOS) self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on Au-(111) were examined by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HREELS). In comparison with alkanethiol or dialkyl disulfide SAMs, the molecularly resolved STM images clearly showed that DOS SAMs have significant structural differences in the formation of depressions and ordered domains, and in the lattice structure, including the presence of conformational defects in the ordered domains. In addition, the clear red shift of the Au-S stretching mode and the existence of the C-S stretching mode were also observed for DOS SAMs by HREELS measurements. The unique surface structure and the existence of such characteristic features at the Au-S and C-S stretching modes for DOS SAMs strongly support the intact adsorption of DOS molecules on Au(111).
IntroductionThe spontaneous adsorption of organosulfur compounds on metal surfaces serves as a simple method for achieving a variety of modifications of the metal surfaces, resulting in the formation of organic self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). 1 It has been demonstrated that the resulting SAMs can be used as molecular templates for various technical applications such as wetting, 2 corrosion inhibition, 3 molecular sensors, 4-6 and nanopatterning. [7][8][9][10] In particular, to understand fundamental aspects such as structures and self-assembly processes, the SAMs prepared by alkanethiols or dialkyl disulfides on gold have been extensively studied by a variety of surface characterization techniques. [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] As a result, it is generally believed that adsorption of dialkyl disulfides on gold occurs via S-S bond cleavage and alkanethiols adsorb via S-H bond cleavage. Therefore, both compounds on gold form identical SAMs consisting of gold-bound thiolates. [15][16][17][18][19][20][21] Dialkyl sulfides are very stable against oxidation and other chemical reactions compared to alkanethiols or diaklyl disulfides. The chemical structures of dialkyl sulfides, which have different alkyl chains and/or different terminal functional groups, can also be modified easily by a simple synthetic method. [22][23][24] Hence the SAMs prepared using diaklyl sulfides of two alkyl groups with various modifications are very attractive for revealing structure-property relationships, such as charge transfer or nanotribological properties with respect to the resulting various SAM structures. 23,24 Compared to alkanethiol or dialkyl disulfide SAMs on gold, dialkyl sulfide SAMs show significantly different characteristics in structural ordering, adsorption kinetics, and thickness. 22,23,25 Such different SAM characteristics between dialkyl sulfides and alkanethiols or dialkyl disulfides can be attributed to a difference in the adsorption mechanism. Because Zhong and Porter 26 proposed that the adsorption of dialkyl sulfides on gold undergoes C-S bond cleavage, resulting in the formation of a gold-bound thiolate monolayer...