Time-of-flight of He ions from laser-induced processes in ultra-dense deuterium D(0)

Olofson, Frans; Holmlid, Leif

doi:10.1016/j.ijms.2014.10.004

Cited by 23 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(53 reference statements)

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“…It is also possible that other nuclear processes but normal D þ D fusion dominate. By selecting the layer thickness correctly, it is however possible to observe ejected 4 He and 3 He after collisions with D clusters by time-of-flight [39]. In the present study, the D(0) layer thickness was considerably higher than in that study.…”

Section: Theoretical Backgroundcontrasting

confidence: 73%

Spontaneous ejection of high-energy particles from ultra-dense deuterium D(0)

Holmlid

Ólafsson

2015

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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Section: Theoretical Backgroundcontrasting

confidence: 73%

Spontaneous ejection of high-energy particles from ultra-dense deuterium D(0)

Holmlid

Ólafsson

2015

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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“…This neutronicity in the present type of experiment is supported by the detection of 3 He but not T by TOF-MS in Ref. 17. If the neutronicity of D+D instead is 0.38 which means that not only T but also 3 He reacts with D in the second fusion step, the real gain would be 1.5/0.62 = 2.4 including the neutrons.…”

Section: -13supporting

confidence: 71%

“…20) since 3 He is assumed not to react efficiently at the low reactor plasma temperature while T reacts on rapidly with D to form n + 4 He. This is supported by TOF-MS laser-driven fusion experiments in the same system, where 3 He is observed but not T. 17 This means that a maximum of 34% of the energy released may be retained in the apparatus in the present experiments. If also 3 He reacts with D at high enough temperature, the neutronicity of D+D is only 0.34, leaving 66% of the energy in charged particles.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 64%

“…However, the number of neutrons detected is small, possibly since they are retained by the very dense D(0) layer. 5,6,10,17 …”

Section: -13mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the typical 4 He and 3 He particle emissions from the processes have been reported 17 together with a neutron signal with a temperature of 80-600 MK (7-60 keV). Thus, this point will not be discussed further here.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Heat generation above break-even from laser-induced fusion in ultra-dense deuterium

Holmlid

2015

AIP Advances

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Previous results from laser-induced processes in ultra-dense deuterium D(0) give conclusive evidence for ejection of neutral massive particles with energy >10 MeV u−1. Such particles can only be formed from nuclear processes like nuclear fusion at the low laser intensity used. Heat generation is of interest for future fusion energy applications and has now been measured by a small copper (Cu) cylinder surrounding the laser target. The temperature rise of the Cu cylinder is measured with an NTC resistor during around 5000 laser shots per measured point. No heating in the apparatus or the gas feed is normally used. The fusion process is suboptimal relative to previously published studies by a factor of around 10. The small neutral particles HN(0) of ultra-dense hydrogen (size of a few pm) escape with a substantial fraction of the energy. Heat loss to the D2 gas (at <1 mbar pressure) is measured and compensated for under various conditions. Heat release of a few W is observed, at up to 50% higher energy than the total laser input thus a gain of 1.5. This is uniquely high for the use of deuterium as fusion fuel. With a slightly different setup, a thermal gain of 2 is reached, thus clearly above break-even for all neutronicity values possible. Also including the large kinetic energy which is directly measured for MeV particles leaving through a small opening gives a gain of 2.3. Taking into account the lower efficiency now due to the suboptimal fusion process, previous studies indicate a gain of at least 20 during long periods.

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Decay of muons generated by laser-induced processes in ultra-dense hydrogen H(0)

Holmlid

Ólafsson

2019

Heliyon

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This work reports identification of muons by their characteristic life-time of 2.20 μs after laser-induction of their precursor mesons, both kaons K ± and and pions π ± in ultra-dense hydrogen H(0). The pair-production signal from scattered muons at a metal converter in front of a photo-multiplier detector is observed with its decay. The observed signal intensity is decreased by a metal beam-flag which intercepts the meson and muon flux to the detector. Using D(0), the observed decay time is (2.23 ± 0.05) μs in agreement with the free muon lifetime of 2.20 μs. This signal is apparently due to the preferential generation of positive muons. Using p(0), the observed decay time is in the range 1–2 μs, thus shorter than the free muon lifetime, as expected when the signal is mainly caused by negative muons which interact with matter by muon capture.

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Time-of-flight of He ions from laser-induced processes in ultra-dense deuterium D(0)

Cited by 23 publications

References 31 publications

Spontaneous ejection of high-energy particles from ultra-dense deuterium D(0)

Spontaneous ejection of high-energy particles from ultra-dense deuterium D(0)

Heat generation above break-even from laser-induced fusion in ultra-dense deuterium

Decay of muons generated by laser-induced processes in ultra-dense hydrogen H(0)

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