Time of day difference in postprandial glucose and insulin responses: Systematic review and meta-analysis of acute postprandial studies

Leung, Gloria K W; Huggins, Catherine E.; Ware, Robert S.; Bonham, Maxine P.

doi:10.1080/07420528.2019.1683856

Cited by 45 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…The reason for this is not clear, but glucose and insulin responses may differ between morning and night. Concerning this phenomenon, there was a recent report by Leung et al [39]. Biological results of eating habits at night would be responsible for increased postprandial glucose response, compared with that at an earlier time in the day.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…According to the investigation on electronic databases, primary outcome markers were post-prandial glucose and IRI area under the curve (AUC) or ⊿AUC (incremental AUC, iAUC). This mechanism would lead to the well-known tendency that those who usually eat during the night apt to have a higher risk of metabolic situation including T2DM and cardiovascular disease (CVD) [39]. technology [6].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Blood Glucose and Insulin Values on Daily Profile, M Value and Meal Tolerance in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)

Takehisa¹,

Bando

2020

Diab Res Open Access

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Background: Authors and collaborators have continued medical practice in the Heisei Medical Welfare (HMW) group for long years for mainly two areas, extensive care for the elderly and diabetes research. From both of them, the current research was held on the daily profile of glucose and insulin for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Subjects and Methods: Cases were 6 T2DM patients in admission, with ages 67.5 ± 12.7 years, diabetes duration 9.5 years. Methods included a daily profile of glucose and insulin for seven times per day, Morbus (M) value, Meal Tolerance Test (MTT) using breakfast with 70g carbohydrate, insulinogenic index (IGI)-2 hours, various correlations among HbA1c, M value, Area Under the Curve (AUC) of glucose and insulin. Results: Cases showed average values of HbA1c 8.4 ± 0.7%, glucose 197 mg/dL, M value 111. Glucose and IRI levels increased during 0700-0900h with 154-258 mg/dL and 13.8-54.3 μU/ml. There was a significant correlation between Glucose-⊿AUC and M value (p<0.05). Discussion: Daily profile of glucose and insulin showed a similar manner, suggesting post-prandial glucose influence due to carbohydrate intake. When studied cases increase, significant correlations among M value, HbA1c and glucose-AUC seem to be found. This report hopefully becomes a reference for future diabetic research.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood Glucose and Insulin Values on Daily Profile, M Value and Meal Tolerance in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)

Takehisa¹,

Bando

2020

Diab Res Open Access

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“…The regulation of metabolic responses has also shown to be different across the day, with eating at night eliciting a different post-meal regulatory response in gene expression compared to eating during the day, with less genes involved in lipid metabolic pathways activated at night [ 30 ]. Notably, homeostasis of glucose and lipid blood concentrations are under circadian regulation, with decreased glucose [ 31 ] and lipid clearance [ 32 ] during the night-time hours.…”

Section: Metabolic Processes Are Governed By the Circadian Clock And ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Meal Timing on Risk of Weight Gain and Development of Obesity: a Review of the Current Evidence and Opportunities for Dietary Intervention

et al. 2022

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Purpose of Review The aim of this short review is to provide an updated commentary on the current literature examining the impact of meal timing on obesity and weight gain in adults. The potential mechanisms, including novel and emerging factors, behind timing of food intake across the 24-h period in the development of obesity, and dietary strategies manipulating meal timing to ameliorate weight gain are also explored. Recent Findings Dietary patterns that feature meal timing outside of the regular daytime hours can contribute to circadian disruption as food is metabolised in opposition to internal daily rhythms and can feedback on the timekeeping mechanisms setting these rhythms. Epidemiological evidence examining the impact of late meal timing patterns is beginning to suggest that eating at night increases the risk of weight gain over time. Mechanisms contributing to this include changes to the efficiency of metabolism across the day, and dysregulation of appetite hormone and gut microbiota by mis-timed meals. Summary When meals are eaten, in relation to the time of day, is increasingly considered of importance when implementing dietary change in order to address the growing burden of obesity, although further research is required in order to determine optimal patterns.

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“…The impact of eating at night on glucose metabolism has been demonstrated in controlled feeding studies using simulated night‐shift protocols. A recent review and meta‐analyses of acute human feeding studies reported that glucose tolerance was worse at night compared to matched daytime feeding (Leung et al, 2019).…”

Section: Shift Work Circadian Disruption and Dietmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eating on the night shift: A need for evidence‐based dietary guidelines?

et al. 2021

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Increasing 24‐h demand for products, services and health care is resulting in a substantial portion of the workforce engaging in shift work. Observational studies suggest an association between shift work exposure and increased incidence of cardiometabolic disease. Shift workers report less healthy diets compared to day workers. As diet is a modifiable behaviour, it is important to understand how it might mediate the relationship between shift work and health. We reviewed online dietary advice for shift workers by searching for existing guidelines for shift workers published by websites of credible sources, for example institutions or government agencies. Based on the 26 guidelines retrieved, the most common categories of advice were eating patterns (n = 25), general healthy eating and/or specific food groups (n = 22), control of caffeine intake (n = 23) and maintaining hydration/fluid intake (n = 17). Although the majority of publicly available advice for shift workers follows general healthy eating guidelines, there are inconsistencies in the recommendations around the frequency of eating and snacking. Few studies have investigated modification of diet quality in shift workers. With the goal of adding to the evidence base, the Shift‐eat study is a feasibility trial designed to test whether dietary intakes in line with UK healthy eating recommendations during night work improve markers of health (interstitial glucose and heart rate variability) in free‐living shift‐working employees. Shift work is unavoidable and necessary for many industries. With an increasing section of the population employed in jobs requiring shift work, consistent dietary guidance based on evidence from shift‐working populations is urgently needed to support maintenance of health and wellbeing in employees working outside standard daytime hours.

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Time of day difference in postprandial glucose and insulin responses: Systematic review and meta-analysis of acute postprandial studies

Cited by 45 publications

References 58 publications

Blood Glucose and Insulin Values on Daily Profile, M Value and Meal Tolerance in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)

Blood Glucose and Insulin Values on Daily Profile, M Value and Meal Tolerance in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)

The Impact of Meal Timing on Risk of Weight Gain and Development of Obesity: a Review of the Current Evidence and Opportunities for Dietary Intervention

Eating on the night shift: A need for evidence‐based dietary guidelines?

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