Time of day alters long-term sensitization to cocaine in rats

Sleipness, Evan P.; Sorg, Barbara A.; Jansen, Heiko T.

doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2005.10.017

Cited by 32 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…A diurnal rhythm in the behavioral response to cocaine has also been observed with cocaine-induced conditioned place preference [29] and sensitization [30] studies. The rats show a greater sensitization and conditioned place preference to cocaine near dark onset than during the light period.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Acute Cocaine Increases Interleukin-1β mRNA and Immunoreactive Cells in the Cortex and Nucleus Accumbens

Cearley¹,

Blindheim

Sorg

et al. 2011

Neurochem Res

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The cytokine, interleukin-1β (IL1 β) is a sleep regulatory substance whose expression is enhanced in response to neuronal stimulation. In this study, IL1β mRNA and immunoreactivity (IR) are evaluated after acute cocaine. First, IL1β mRNA levels were measured at the start or end of the light period after saline or acute exposure to a low dose of cocaine (5 mg/kg, intraperitoneal (ip)). IL1β mRNA levels after an acute exposure to cocaine (5 mg/kg, ip) at dark onset were significantly higher than those obtained from rats sacrificed after an acute exposure to saline in the piriform and somatosensory cortex, and nucleus accumbens. Acute exposure of cocaine at 5 mg/kg at dark onset also increased the number of IL1β-immunoreactive astrocytes in layer I–V of the prefrontal cortex, somatosensory cortex and nucleus accumbens. These data suggest that IL1β mRNA and protein levels in some of the dopaminergically innervated brain regions are responsive to cocaine.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Acute Cocaine Increases Interleukin-1β mRNA and Immunoreactive Cells in the Cortex and Nucleus Accumbens

Cearley¹,

Blindheim

Sorg

et al. 2011

Neurochem Res

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“…This effect was dependent on the time of day at which rats were trained and tested for reinstatement. Previous studies have demonstrated time-of-day differences in cocaine- or amphetamine-induced behaviors, including locomotor sensitization (Gaytan et al, 1999, Abarca et al, 2002, Uz et al, 2002, Akhisaroglu et al, 2004, Sleipness et al, 2005), CPP (Abarca et al, 2002, Kurtuncu et al, 2004, Webb et al, 2009b) and self-administration (Deneau et al, 1969, Negus et al, 1995, Roberts and Andrews, 1997, Baird and Gauvin, 2000, Roberts et al, 2002, Bass et al, 2010). Other work has demonstrated that performance on a learning task is better when animals are trained and tested at the same time of day compared to when training and testing times differ (Cain et al, 2004a, Cain et al, 2004b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These times were chosen based on our previous findings of low (ZT4) and high (ZT12) cocaine-induced sensitization (Sleipness et al, 2005); ZT20 was examined to obtain more complete time-of-day information on cocaine-induced CPP. To avoid the possible confound of Zeitgeber time as a contextual cue (Ralph et al, 2002), rats trained at one time of day were always tested for CPP or reinstated at the same time of day.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We have previously shown that cocaine sensitization, cocaine-induced reinstatement of CPP, and the dopamine transporter (DAT) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) protein expression vary with time of day (Sleipness et al, 2005, 2007a, b). Much of this variation is due to an important role of the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus (SCN) (Sleipness et al, 2007a, b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Photoperiodic suppression of drug reinstatement

et al. 2011

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The rewarding influence of drugs of abuse varies with time of day and appears to involve interactions between the circadian and the mesocorticolimbic dopamine systems. The circadian system is also intimately involved in measuring daylength. Thus, the present study examined the impact of changing daylength (photoperiod) on cocaine-seeking behaviors. Male Sprague Dawley rats were trained and tested on a 12L:12D light:dark schedule for cocaine-induced reinstatement of conditioned place preference (CPP) at three times of day (Zeitgeber time (ZT): 4, 12, and 20) to determine a preference score. Rats were then shifted to either shorter (6L:18D) or longer (18L:6D) photoperiods and then to constant conditions, re-tested for cocaine-induced reinstatement under each different condition, and then returned to their original photoperiod (12L:12D) and tested once more. Rats exhibited a circadian profile of preference score in constant darkness with a peak at 12h after lights-off. At both ZT4 and ZT20, but not at ZT12, shorter photoperiods profoundly suppressed cocaine reinstatement, which did not recover even after switching back to 12L:12D. In contrast, longer photoperiods did not alter reinstatement. Separate studies showed that the suppression of cocaine reinstatement was not due to repeated testing. In an additional experiment, we examined the photoperiodic regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and dopamine transporter (DAT) proteins in drug-naive rats. These results revealed photoperiodic modulation of proteins in the prefrontal cortex and dorsal striatum, but not in the nucleus accumbens or ventral tegmental area. Together, these findings add further support to the circadian genesis of cocaine-seeking behaviors and demonstrate that drug-induced reinstatement is modulated by photoperiod. Furthermore, the results suggest that photoperiod partly contributes to the seasonal expression of certain drug-related behaviors in humans living at different latitudes and thus our findings may have implications for novel targeting of circadian rhythms in the treatment of addiction.

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“…Short-term locomotor sensitization to cocaine in mice (Abarca, Albrecht & Spanagel 2002;Uz, Javaid & Manev 2002) and rats ) and conditioned place preference (CPP) in mice (Abarca et al 2002) and rats Kurtuncu et al 2004) are enhanced during the day compared with the night, and long-term locomotor sensitization is expressed to a large extent at dark onset (Sleipness, Sorg & Jansen 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glycogen synthase kinase-3β in the ventral tegmental area mediates diurnal variations in cocaine-induced conditioned place preference in rats

Shi

et al. 2013

Addiction Biology

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Cocaine sensitization and reward are reported to be under the influence of diurnal rhythm. However, no previous studies have reported brain areas that play a role as modulators and underlie the mechanism of diurnal variations in cocaine reward. We examined (1) the diurnal rhythm of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) activity in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and reward-related brain areas in naive rats; (2) the effect of day and night on the acquisition of cocaine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP); (3) the influence of cocaine-induced CPP on GSK-3β activity in the SCN and reward-related brain areas; and (4) the effect of the GSK-3β inhibitor SB216763 microinjected bilaterally into the ventral tegmental area (VTA) on cocaine-induced CPP. A significant diurnal rhythm of GSK-3β activity was found in the SCN and reward-related brain areas, with diurnal variations in cocaine-induced CPP. GSK-3β activity in the SCN and reward-related brain areas exhibited marked diurnal variations in rats treated with saline. GSK-3β activity in rats treated with cocaine exhibited distinct diurnal variations only in the prefrontal cortex and VTA. Cocaine decreased the expression of phosphorylated GSK-3β (i.e. increased GSK-3β activity) only in the VTA in rats trained and tested at ZT4 and ZT16. SB216763 microinjected into the VTA bilaterally eliminated the diurnal variations in cocaine-induced CPP, but did not affect the acquisition of cocaine-induced CPP. These findings suggest that the VTA may be a critical area involved in the diurnal variations in cocaine-induced CPP, and GSK-3β may be a regulator of diurnal variations in cocaine-induced CPP.

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Time of day alters long-term sensitization to cocaine in rats

Cited by 32 publications

References 33 publications

Acute Cocaine Increases Interleukin-1β mRNA and Immunoreactive Cells in the Cortex and Nucleus Accumbens

Acute Cocaine Increases Interleukin-1β mRNA and Immunoreactive Cells in the Cortex and Nucleus Accumbens

Photoperiodic suppression of drug reinstatement

Glycogen synthase kinase-3β in the ventral tegmental area mediates diurnal variations in cocaine-induced conditioned place preference in rats

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