Time of Application and Source of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Yield, Quality, Nitrogen Recovery, and Net Returns for Dryland Forage Grasses

Blonski, L. J., Bork, E. W. and Blenis, P. V. 2004. Herbage yield and crude protein concentration of rangeland and pasture following hog manure application in southeastern Alberta. Can. J. Plant Sci. 84: [773][774][775][776][777][778][779][780][781][782][783]. Intensive hog production is expanding into semi-arid regions of Alberta, where perennial forage lands are increasingly targeted for manure application despite limited guidelines for its efficient use. Herbage yield and crude protein were assessed over two consecutive years within two native rangelands and two tame pastures, following different rates (10, 20, 40, 80 and 160 kg ha -1 NH 4 -N), methods (surface banding vs. subsurface injection) and seasons (fall vs. spring) of one-time liquid hog manure (LHM) application. Increasing manure rates improved grass yield across all sites the first growing season after treatment, from 1626 to 3576 kg ha -1 . Although absolute increases in production were greatest on tame pasture, relative yield increases were similar among sites. Average crude protein (CP) concentration also increased from 69 to 91 g kg -1 in the first year. Despite low rainfall and the absence of a yield response in the second year, grass CP and crude protein yield (CPY) were maximized with increased manure application, highlighting the positive effects of manure on forage production, even with drought. Forb yields demonstrated variable effects among sites, with increasing manure decreasing alfalfa and increasing native forbs. Overall, both semi-arid tame pastures and native rangelands responded positively to LHM application, highlighting the complementary nature of hog and forage production under these conditions. Le rendement fourrager augmente avec le taux d'application à tous les endroits la saison végétative suivant le traitement pour passer de 1 626 à 3 576 kg par hectare. Bien que la production augmente davantage dans les prairies artificielles en termes absolus, le rendement relatif demeure le même aux différents endroits. La quantité moyenne de protéines brutes s'accroît elle aussi la première année, soit de 69 à 91 g kg -1 . Malgré la pluie et l'absence de réaction du rendement la deuxième année, la concentration de protéines brutes des herbages et le rendement en protéines brutes atteignent leur maximum avec l'augmentation du taux d'application, ce qui souligne les effets positifs du fumier pour la production fourragère, même quand il y a sécheresse. Le rendement en herbacées dicotylédones révèle que la réaction varie d'un site à l'autre, la production de luzerne diminuant et celle d'herbacées dicotylédones indigènes augmentant avec l'application de fumier. Dans l'ensemble, les prairies artificielles et les grands parcours naturels des régions semi-arides réagissent bien à l'application de lisier, signe que l'élevage de porc et la culture fourragère sont complémentaires dans de telles conditions.

Section: Grass Yieldmentioning

confidence: 58%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Herbage yield and crude protein concentration of rangeland and pasture following hog manure application in southeastern Alberta

Blonski¹,

Bork²,

Blenis³

2004

“…There is potential to increase forage production in Western Canada through effective fertilization; yet only limited use of fertilizers is made on tame hay and pastures on the Canadian Prairies (Bole 1987 Generally, forage grass production increases with N fertilizer rates, with the increase being greater for annual applications than for single large rates of application (Lutwick and Smith 1979;Malhi et al 1986; Ukrainetz and Campbell 1988). Forage N concentration, N uptake and recovery of N fertilizers also increase with N rate (Malhi et al 1986;Ukrainetz and Campbell 1988) ' Furthermore, N uptake (and thus is used compared to urea (46-0-0) (Campbell et al 1986;Ukrainetz and Campbell 1988 (Malhi et al 1986; Ukrainetz and Campbell 1988 (Ukrainetz and Campbell 1988). In contrast, little is known about the response of forage grasses to fertilizer S. Power (1980) for Kjeldahl N and total P (Atkinson et at.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of Bromegrass to N, P and S Fertilizer on a Gray Luvisolic Soil in Northwestern Saskatchewan

Ukrainetz¹,

Campbell²,

Zentner³

et al. 1988

Self Cite

Response of bromegrass to N, P and S fertilizer on a Gray Luvisolic soil in northwestern Saskatchewan. Can. J. Plant A 9-yr study was conducted on a Gray Luvisolic loam at Loon Lake, Saskatchewan to determine the effect of ammonium nitrate-N (34-0-0) and urea-N (46-0-0) on bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) production and nutrient quality, N recovery, and N use efficiency when the N was applied either annually or as a single application at the start of the experiment. The effects of phosphorus (P) and sulphur (S) were also assessed. Each N source was applied at single rates of 0, 100, 200, 4OO and 800 kg ha-'N and annual rates of 0, 50, 100 and 200 kg hs-t N. The ammonium nirrate was also applied as a single dose at rates of600 and 1000 kg ha-rN. Phosphorus and S were applied every second year at224 kg ha-t PrO, and 45 kg ha-t S. Forage dry matter yields were positively related to precipitation received in May and July, and April-May, but negatively related to June precipitation. Forage dry matter production was greater over the first 8-yr period for annual N applications than for a single application receiving an equivalent amount of N; but fertilizer N recovered in forage over the same period was similar (about 30%) for the two methods of application. Dry matter yields were 19% greater after 4 yr and 26% greater after 8 yr when ammonium nitrate was used compared to urea. Recovery of fertilizer N in forage also favored the ammonium nitrate source. The application of low to moderate N rates depressed forage N and P concentrations when yield response was high but concentrations were tncreased by the highest rates of N fertilizer and by repeated annual applications of N. Toxic concentrations of NO,-N occurred in bromegrass in the first year when N was applied at or above 400 kg ha-las one application and also in the second year when N was applied at 800 kg ha-l. When N was applied annually at 200 kg ha-r, NO,-toxicity became a potential problem in later years as soil mineral N accumulated. Phosphorus and S fertilizers increased dry matter yields of forage; P fertilizer increased and S decreased forage P concentration. Annual N applications resulted in more uniform year-to-year yields and N uptake response compared to a single application and provided greater dry matter production without loss of nutritive quality. It was concluded that, in contrast to reports in the literature, the response of forage grasses to N is not site specific.

“…However, when P rates exceeded ll2 kg ha-I, N had no effect on P concentration in forage while very high rates of N even increased P concentration (Black and Wight 1972 Meyer et al (1977) suggest that rates of N >225kg ha rmay result in lethal NO3-N concentration while Smith and Lutwick (1975) obtained lethal levels at N rates greater than 550 kg ha-t. Malhi et al (1986) Generally N recovery by grasses is low (Power and Legg 1984;Campbell et al 1986). Power (1980) found that among seven grasses tested, brome recovered the highest proportion of fertilizer N (30% calculated cummulatively over a 5-to 6-yr period).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1963;Power 1980;Malhi et al 1986). At N rates less than 100 kg ha-l the response may last for only I or 2 yr (Read and Winkleman 1982 (Power 1983) or may reduce P concentration (Black and Wight 1972;Read and Winkleman 1982;Campbell et al 1986). …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

N and P Fertilization of Bromegrass in the Dark Brown Soil Zone of Saskatchewan

Ukrainetz¹,

Campbell²

1988

Self Cite

UKRAINETZ, H. aNo CarvrpnlLL, C. A. 1988. N and P fertilization of bromegrass in the Dark Brown soil zone of Saskatchewan. Can J. Plant Sci. 68: 457-470. A 5-yr study was conducted on a Dark Brown Ioam at Scott, Saskatchewan to determine the effect of rate of ammonium nitrate-N (34-0-0) and urea-N (46-0-0) on bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) production and quality, N recovery and N use efficiency when the N was applied either annually or as a single application at the start of the experiment. The effect of phosphorus (P) on the above listed parameters was also assessed. Each N source was applied at once-only rates of 0, 100, 200, 400, and 800 kg ha-t and annual rates were 0, 50, 100 and 200 kg ha-r. Phosphorus was applied in 1976, 1979 and 1981 at 100 kg ha-r P2O5. Forage dry matter was positively related to precipitation received in April-June (r:0.91**) and in April of the crop year plus the previous September (r:0.80**). Dry matter response to N rates generally increased at a decreasing rate in early years but linearly in later years. Over the first 4 yr, annual applications of N resulted in up to 31% more dry matter than the single applications. Dry matter production was generally greater when ammonium nitrate was applied than when urea was used; these differences were more consistent at medium N rates-Dry matter was increased by P only when N was applied. Nitrogen concentration in forage was directly related to N rate in years ofgood precipitation, was greater in dry than wet years, and when N was applied annually, but was unaffected by N source. Phosphorus fertilization increased P concentration of forage but heavy dry matter production reduced P concentration. Annual N applications increased P concentration in forage only in the first year and N source had no effect. Toxic concentrations of NO3-N in the forage occurred in the first year only at N rates > 200 kg ha-r and were directly related to the amount of N applied. Except for the 800 kg ha I N rate in the second year, there were no further indications of NO3-N toxicity. Accumulated N use efficiency decreased linearly with increasing N rate and was greater for ammonium nitrate than for urea except at very high N rates. Accumulated N recovery was inversely related to N rate for the single method of application but unaffected by N rate applied annually. Over the first 4 yr, accumulated N recovery was greater for the single application at low N rates, but was greater for annual applications of N at high N rates. P fertilization increased N recovery.