Time-Modulation of Linear Arrays for Real-Time Reconfigurable Wireless Power Transmission

Masotti, Diego; Costanzo, Alessandra; Prete, Massimo Del; Rizzoli, Vittorio

doi:10.1109/tmtt.2015.2512275

Cited by 82 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…Another interesting field for TMA applications is wireless power transmission, introduced by Masotti et al in [54]. In this case, the real-time beamforming features of TMA are properly exploited following a two-step procedure: firstly, to precisely localize the tag to be powered and, subsequently, to perform the directive wireless power transmission.…”

Section: State Of the Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time Modulated Arrays: From their Origin to Their Utilization in Wireless Communication Systems

Maneiro-Catoira

Bregáins

García-Naya

et al. 2017

Sensors

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Time-modulated arrays (TMAs) are electromagnetic systems whose radiated power pattern is controlled by the application of variable-width periodical pulses to the individual elements. The nonlinear nature of the array operation causes the appearance of radiation patterns at the harmonic frequencies of such periodic pulses. The technique can be used for improving the side-lobe level (SLL) topology of the radiation pattern at the central frequency and/or to profitably exploit the harmonic patterns in order to supply smart antenna capabilities. Among the latter features, the TMA harmonic beamforming takes on special importance due to its attractive trade-off performance-hardware complexity. From this perspective, TMAs are sensors capable of transforming the spatial diversity of a communication channel into frequency diversity, thus improving the performance of a wireless communication. In addition to a walk through the origins of the concept, and a brief analysis of the mathematical fundamentals, this paper organizes the prolific state of the art of TMAs in two major thematic blocks: (1) TMA design from an antenna perspective; and (2) TMA design from a signal processing perspective.

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Section: State Of the Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time Modulated Arrays: From their Origin to Their Utilization in Wireless Communication Systems

Maneiro-Catoira

Bregáins

García-Naya

et al. 2017

Sensors

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…By borrowing the idea of harmonic radar detection, the method of direction alignment between TX and RX antennas based on feedback harmonic signals was employed [14]- [18]. Due to the nonlinearity of the rectifier in WPT terminal, multiple harmonic signals could be generated and exploited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the RF power base station side, the two-tone multisine waveform is employed and generated by using a time-modulated array (TMA). The TMA was introduced as a promising TX beamformer in WPT applications thanks to its sideband radiation (SBR) behavior [18]- [20]. By adding a group of high-speed RF switches in the antenna channel, with modulation frequency f p , the array is enabled to radiate multiple beams operating at fundamental f 0 and sideband harmonics f 0 + qf p , q = ±1, ±2, .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Target Localization Based on Intermodulation Feedback for Multisine Wireless Power Transmission Using a Time-Modulated Array

et al. 2020

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To achieve accurate power feeding to a terminal (e.g. rectenna) in the far-field wireless power transmission (WPT), a new method is proposed to locate the terminal so that the base station can adaptively adjust its beam steering and transmitting power to satisfy the high-efficiency power conversion conditions of the rectifier. In this work, the generated intermodulation (IM) signal at rectenna under multisine incidence is employed to establish the feedback link with the base station. A linear time-modulated array (TMA) is exploited to generate two-tone multisine wave by the optimized modulation sequence thanks to its multibeam radiation behavior at the base station side. In the terminal end, the IM signal is spontaneously produced due to the nonlinearity of power rectifying under two-tone incidence and employed as the feedback. To highly isolate the two tones and IM signal, a dual linear polarized (DLP) antenna is designed to ensure a compact system design for both sides. By this way, the feedback IM signal carrying the terminal's direction and distance information is sensed by orthogonally polarized antenna pairs. Then the direction of terminal is obtained by the proposed high-accuracy direction of arrival (DoA) estimation method using a multi-baseline TMA, which is realized by a two-stage single-pole-double-throw (SPDT) switching network. Regarding the imperfection of RF switches, a compensation method is proposed. With estimated DoA, the distance between terminal and base station is evaluated based on the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) method. To verify the feedback mechanism, a prototype is fabricated and tested. INDEX TERMS Time-modulated array (TMA), intermodulation (IM) feedback, directional wireless power transmission.

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“…To overcome this limitation, time modulated circular antenna array (TMCA), which belongs to the class of four-dimensional (4-D) antenna arrays, was proposed to generate multiple OAM-carrying waves at several harmonic frequencies simultaneously 10 . Characterized by the use of time as an additional degree of freedom, 4-D antenna arrays have lots of advantages in antenna array design and applications, such as ultra-low sidelobe level (SLL) arrays 11 , harmonic beam-forming 12 , 13 , signal transmission 14 , 15 , radar systems 16 , secure communication 17 , cognitive radio systems 18 and sidelobe blanking radar system 19 . However, the capability of 4-D antenna array in OAM-carrying wave generations has not been experimentally validated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Realization of multiple orbital angular momentum modes simultaneously through four-dimensional antenna arrays

Sun

Yang

Chen

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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Electromagnetic waves carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) in radio frequency range have drawn great attention owing to its potential applications in increasing communication capacity. In this paper, both single-pole single-throw (SPST) switches and single-pole double-throw (SPDT) switches are designed and implemented. Optimal time sequence allows four-dimensional (4-D) circular antenna array to generate multiple OAM-carrying waves as well as enhance the field intensity of each OAM-carrying wave. A novel experimental platform is developed to measure the phase distribution when the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna operate at different frequencies. The good agreement between the measurement and simulation results demonstrate that 4-D circular antenna array is able to generate multiple OAM modes simultaneously. Furthermore, the superiority of the 4-D circular antenna array in receiving and demodulating multiple OAM-carrying signals is validated through the filter and bit error rate (BER) simulations.

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Time-Modulation of Linear Arrays for Real-Time Reconfigurable Wireless Power Transmission

Cited by 82 publications

References 38 publications

Time Modulated Arrays: From their Origin to Their Utilization in Wireless Communication Systems

Time Modulated Arrays: From their Origin to Their Utilization in Wireless Communication Systems

Target Localization Based on Intermodulation Feedback for Multisine Wireless Power Transmission Using a Time-Modulated Array

Realization of multiple orbital angular momentum modes simultaneously through four-dimensional antenna arrays

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