Time-lapse VSP reservoir monitoring

O’Brien, John; Kilbride, Fiona; Lim, Frank

doi:10.1190/1.1825943

Cited by 25 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…Noise has been added to the seismic data to simulate approximately 10% postmigration NRMS nonrepeatability. O'Brien et al (2010) demonstrate the value of rapidly repeated surveys to monitor a CO 2 flood. The waterfront has moved 125 m between the survey illustrated in Figure 34a and that in Figure 34b and 300 m between the survey shown in Figure 34a and that in Figure 34c The change in fluid saturation has occurred over an area that is near the resolution limit of the seismic data.…”

Section: Taking Advantage Of Multiple Repeated Surveysmentioning

confidence: 87%

Practical Applications of Time-lapse Seismic Data

Johnston

2013

121

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Section: Taking Advantage Of Multiple Repeated Surveysmentioning

confidence: 87%

Practical Applications of Time-lapse Seismic Data

Johnston

2013

121

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“…In contrast to conventional time‐lapse 3D VSP data in one well (O'Brien et al . ; Cheng, Huang and Rutledge ), a setting with more wells will maximize the imaged area between and around the wells. Recently, Kiyashchenko et al .…”

Section: D Vertical Seismic Profilingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reservoir monitoring of steam‐assisted gravity drainage using borehole measurements

Tøndel

Schütt

Dümmong

et al. 2014

Geophysical Prospecting

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This paper presents the results from a research project focusing on permanent cross‐well geophysical methods for reservoir monitoring during steam‐assisted gravity drainage. A feasibility study indicated detectable differences in seismic and electrical reservoir properties based on expected changes in temperature and fluid saturation during the production of extra heavy oil. As a result of this, a permanent cross‐well system was installed at the Leismer Demonstration Area, located in the Athabasca Oil Sands region in Alberta, Canada. Baseline data sets, including cross‐well seismic, three‐dimensional vertical seismic profiling and cross‐well electrical resistivity tomography, have been acquired. Comparisons between conventional surface seismic and downhole seismic data show an increase in resolution and frequency content as expected. Steam‐assisted gravity drainage‐induced time‐lapse effects are clearly visible in the 3D vertical seismic profiling and electrical resistivity tomography data sets, even after a few months of oil production. In general, the 3D vertical seismic profiling images show a higher resolution than the surface seismic data, in particular when dealing with vertical positioning of the time‐lapse events. The electrical resistivity tomography baseline shows clear separation between zones of high and low electrical resistivity, and during 23 months of electrical resistivity tomography measurements the maximum reduction of resistivity is 85%. Time‐lapse observations from acoustic and electrical borehole data correspond well, and are also supported by temperature measurements in the two observation wells. Emerging technologies, updated models, improved flexibility, and reduced costs will allow future reservoir monitoring with surface and borehole data in combination, or even with borehole data exclusively.

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“…). For small‐scale injection projects, VSP can minimize typical time‐lapse monitoring challenges by providing better vertical and lateral resolution associated with high‐frequency content and high signal‐to‐noise ratio (O'Brien, Kilbride, and Lim ). In the Frio project, comprehensive field measurements were acquired, including core, well logs, crosswell seismic, and VSP data (Sakurai et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Case History: Using time‐lapse vertical seismic profiling data to constrain velocity–saturation relations: the Frio brine pilot CO₂ injection

Hosni

Caspari

Pevzner

et al. 2016

Geophysical Prospecting

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CO2 sequestration projects benefit from quantitative assessment of saturation distribution and plume extent for field development and leakage prevention. In this work, we carry out quantitative analysis of time‐lapse seismic by using rock physics and seismic modelling tools. We investigate the suitability of Gassmann's equation for a CO2 sequestration project with 1600 tons of CO2 injected into high‐porosity, brine‐saturated sandstone. We analyze the observed time delays and amplitude changes in a time‐lapse vertical seismic profile dataset. Both reflected and transmitted waves are analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. To interpret the changes obtained from the vertical seismic profile, we perform a 2.5D elastic, finite‐difference modelling study. The results show a P‐wave velocity reduction of 750 m/s in the proximity of the injection well evident by the first arrivals (travel‐time delays and amplitude change) and reflected wave amplitude changes. These results do not match with our rock physics model using Gassmann's equation predictions even when taking uncertainty in CO2 saturation and grain properties into account. We find that time‐lapse vertical seismic profile data integrated with other information (e.g., core and well log) can be used to constrain the velocity–saturation relation and verify the applicability of theoretical models such as Gassmann's equation with considerable certainty. The study shows that possible nonelastic factors are in play after CO2 injection (e.g., CO2–brine–rock interaction and pressure effect) as Gassmann's equation underestimated the velocity reduction in comparison with field data for all three sets of time‐lapse vertical seismic profile attributes. Our work shows the importance of data integration to validate the applicability of theoretical models such as Gassmann's equation for quantitative analysis of time‐lapse seismic data.

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Time-lapse VSP reservoir monitoring

Cited by 25 publications

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Practical Applications of Time-lapse Seismic Data

Practical Applications of Time-lapse Seismic Data

Reservoir monitoring of steam‐assisted gravity drainage using borehole measurements

Case History: Using time‐lapse vertical seismic profiling data to constrain velocity–saturation relations: the Frio brine pilot CO₂ injection

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Time-lapse VSP reservoir monitoring

Cited by 25 publications

References 0 publications

Practical Applications of Time-lapse Seismic Data

Practical Applications of Time-lapse Seismic Data

Reservoir monitoring of steam‐assisted gravity drainage using borehole measurements

Case History: Using time‐lapse vertical seismic profiling data to constrain velocity–saturation relations: the Frio brine pilot CO2 injection

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Case History: Using time‐lapse vertical seismic profiling data to constrain velocity–saturation relations: the Frio brine pilot CO₂ injection