Time-lapse Photography in the Deep Sea

Bett, Brian J.

doi:10.3723/175605403783379741

Cited by 22 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(31 reference statements)

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“…There is some support for this interpretation through a time‐lapse photographic observation of an area of rippled contourite sand in the northernmost Rockall Trough (the Darwin Mounds area, water depth 1000 m; Masson et al ., 2003), immediately to the south of the study area. A Bathysnap time‐lapse camera (Bett, 2003) and four recording current meters were deployed in this area (Bett et al ., 2001). During the period of observation, there was a high‐energy current event, with a peak recorded velocity of 35 cm s −1 (recording interval 5 min), resulting in seabed ripple ‘rejuvenation’(Fig.…”

Section: The Significance Of Bottom Current Velocities Derived From Bsupporting

confidence: 86%

Sedimentary environment of the Faroe‐Shetland and Faroe Bank Channels, north‐east Atlantic, and the use of bedforms as indicators of bottom current velocity in the deep ocean

Masson¹,

Wynn²,

Bett³

2004

Sedimentology

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In the northeast Atlantic, much of the deep cold water flow between the Norwegian Sea and the main North Atlantic basin passes through the Faroe‐Shetland and Faroe Bank Channels, generating strong persistent bottom currents capable of eroding and transporting sediment up to and including gravel. A large variety of sedimentary bedforms, including scours, furrows, comet marks, barchan dunes, sand sheets and sediment drifts, is documented using sidescan sonar images, seismic profiles, seabed photographs and sediment cores from the floor of the channel. Published information on current velocities associated with the various bedforms has been used to reconstruct the pattern of bottom currents acting on the channel floor. The results broadly reflect the current pattern predicted on the basis of regional oceanographic observations, but add considerable detail. The internal consistency of the results suggests that the methods used are robust, giving confidence in the fine detail of the observed bottom current structure. Bottom current velocities in the range < 0·3 to > 1·0 m s−1 are indicated by the range of observed bedforms, with the strongest currents associated with south‐west transport of Norwegian Sea Deep Water (NSDW) at water depths of 800–1200 m. The main NSDW flow forms a relatively narrow core that follows the base of the Faroes slope. This core follows the 90° change in trend of the Faroes slope at the junction between the Faroe‐Shetland and Faroe Bank Channels. The strongest currents within the NSDW core are found over the shallowest sill in the Faroe‐Shetland Channel and in the narrowest part of the channel immediately downstream of the sill, and are generated by topographic constriction of the flow. Eastward flow of deep water along the northern flank of the Wyville‐Thomson ridge suggests a complex current pattern with some recirculation of deep water within the deep Faroe Bank Channel basin. The observations suggest that Coriolis force is the main agent controlling the westward deflection of the NSDW into the Faroe Bank Channel, contradicting a previous suggestion that this was controlled by the topography of the Wyville Thomson Ridge.

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Section: The Significance Of Bottom Current Velocities Derived From Bsupporting

confidence: 86%

Sedimentary environment of the Faroe‐Shetland and Faroe Bank Channels, north‐east Atlantic, and the use of bedforms as indicators of bottom current velocity in the deep ocean

Masson¹,

Wynn²,

Bett³

2004

Sedimentology

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“…Griffiths, 1980), as we have potentially observed with I. vagabunda, but routine relocation suggests local (patch) resource depletion consistent with 'marginal value theorem' (Charnov, 1976). It was not obvious from the images whether individuals relocated once detritus resources were depleted, or whether the new location was selected based on detritus availability or adopted mechanistically, as appeared to be the case in Utube looping echiurans (Bett, 2003).…”

Section: Feeding Behaviourmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…The second move occurred over 19 h, with a period of 13.3 h between disappearance and mound-building, 3.3 h of mound-building, and 2.3 h from emergence to establishment. The burrowing behaviour of I. vagabunda observed here suggests that the subsurface motion of the animal between burrows is similar to the consecutive 'U-shaped' burrowing behaviour described for echiurans (Bett, 2003;Bromley, 1996), as they produce a 'volcano-series' burrow system (Bett et al, 1995). Subsurface transit between burrow locations may reduce the risk of predation; alternative interpretations for episodic subsurface behaviour by deep-sea megabenthos (e.g.…”

Section: Burrowing Activitymentioning

confidence: 74%

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The hemisessile lifestyle and feeding strategies of Iosactis vagabunda (Actiniaria, Iosactiidae), a dominant megafaunal species of the Porcupine Abyssal Plain

Durden¹,

Bett²,

Ruhl³

2015

Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers

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a b s t r a c tIosactis vagabunda Riemann-Zürneck, 1997 (Actiniaria, Iosactiidae) is a small endomyarian anemone, recently quantified as the greatest contributor to megafaunal density (48%; 2372 individuals ha À 1 ) on the Porcupine Abyssal Plain (PAP). We used time-lapse photography to observe 18 individuals over a period of approximately 20 months at 8-h intervals, and one individual over 2 weeks at 20-mine intervals, and report observations on its burrowing activity, and both deposit and predatory feeding behaviours. We recorded the apparent subsurface movement of an individual from an abandoned burrow to a new location, and burrow creation there. Raptorial deposit feeding on settled phytodetritus particles was observed, as was predation on a polychaete 6-times the estimated biomass of the anemone. Though essentially unnoticed in prior studies of the PAP, I. vagabunda may be a key component of the benthic community, and may make a critical contribution to the carbon cycling at the PAP longterm time-series study site.

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“…ha -1 were recorded for A. rosea in trawls (Fig. 2) time-lapse photography (Bett, 2003) showed that the true density of the species was in excess of 6000 ind. ha -1 ).…”

Section: Temporal Variation In Megafaunal Invertebrate Density and Bimentioning

confidence: 98%

Long-term change in the abyssal NE Atlantic: The ‘Amperima Event’ revisited

Billett

Bett

Reid

et al. 2010

Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography

150

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The results from a time series study (1989 to 2005) at a depth of 4850m on the Porcupine Abyssal Plain, NE Atlantic, are presented showing radical changes in the density of large invertebrates (megafauna) over time. Major changes occurred in a number of different taxa between 1996 and 1999 and then again in 2002. One species of holothurian, Amperima rosea, was particularly important, increasing in density by over three orders of magnitude. There were no significant changes in total megafaunal biomass during the same period. Peaks in density were correlated to reductions in mean body size indicating that the increases were related to large-scale recruitment events. The changes occurred over a wide area of the Porcupine Abyssal Plain. Comparisons made with changes in the density of protozoan and metazoan meiofauna, and with macrofauna, showed that major changes in community structure occurred in all size fractions of the benthic community at the same time. This suggests that the faunal changes were driven by environmental factors rather than being stochastic population imbalances of one or two species. Large-scale changes in the flux of organic matter to the abyssal seafloor have been noted in the time series, particularly in 2001 and may be related to the sudden mass occurrence of A. rosea the following year. Time-varying environmental factors are important in influencing the occurrence of megafauna on the abyssal seafloor.

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Time-lapse Photography in the Deep Sea

Cited by 22 publications

References 32 publications

Sedimentary environment of the Faroe‐Shetland and Faroe Bank Channels, north‐east Atlantic, and the use of bedforms as indicators of bottom current velocity in the deep ocean

Sedimentary environment of the Faroe‐Shetland and Faroe Bank Channels, north‐east Atlantic, and the use of bedforms as indicators of bottom current velocity in the deep ocean

The hemisessile lifestyle and feeding strategies of Iosactis vagabunda (Actiniaria, Iosactiidae), a dominant megafaunal species of the Porcupine Abyssal Plain

Long-term change in the abyssal NE Atlantic: The ‘Amperima Event’ revisited

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