Time-lapse attenuation variations using distributed acoustic sensing vertical seismic profile data during CO₂ injection at CaMI Field Research Station, Alberta, Canada

Abstract

For seismic monitoring of geologic CO2 storage, it is useful to measure time-lapse (TL) variations of seismic attenuation. Seismic attenuation directly connects to different petrophysical parameters within the CO2 storage complex. We have developed an approach to derive smooth time-variant amplitude spectra from seismic signals by using the sparse strongest signal peaks, and then measure two different attributes (conventional Q factor and its “geometric” counterpart) characterizing the path effects of seismic attenuation from the smooth spectra. This approach is straightforward and does not require sophisticated algorithms or parameterization schemes. We apply this approach to TL distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) vertical seismic profile (VSP) data from the Field Research Station (FRS) CO2 injection project in southern Alberta, Canada. High-quality stacked reflection records are obtained from baseline and monitor DAS VSP surveys at the FRS and TL attenuation-attribute differences are derived from these reflection records. TL variations of attenuation are observed within the injection zone at the FRS, which are interpreted as being related to the injected CO2. Although there is always a significant trade-off between the accuracy and temporal resolution of the measured attenuation parameters, reliable attenuation measurements around the injection zone are still achieved with in-use reflection signal of a sufficient length and bandwidth. Attenuation attributes measured from this approach can be an advantageous tool for monitoring the distribution and migration of CO2 plumes.