Time jitter influence on the performance of gamma–gamma turbulence FSO links with various modulation schemes

Roumelas, George D.; Nistazakis, Hector E.; Gappmair, Wilfried; Gripeos, P. J.; Christofilakis, Vasilis

doi:10.1080/09500340.2020.1767811

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…order improved Bessel function of second kind and the following formula are used to calculate parameters α and β depending on atmospheric conditions [25][26][27] :…”

Section: A Mathematical Representation Of the Fso Channelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…

K_{v} (() *)

‐ v th order improved Bessel function of second kind and the following formula are used to calculate parameters

α

and

β

depending on atmospheric conditions 25–27 :

α goodbreak= {[\exp (\frac{0.49 χ^{2}}{{((), 1 goodbreak+ 0.18 d^{2} goodbreak+ 0.56 χ^{\frac{12}{5}})}^{\frac{7}{6}}}) - 1]}^{- 1}

β goodbreak= {[\exp (\frac{0.51 χ^{2} {(1 + 0.69 χ^{\frac{12}{5}})}^{\frac{- 5}{6}}}{{((), 1 goodbreak+ 0.9 d^{2} goodbreak+ 0.62 d^{2} χ^{\frac{12}{5}})}^{\frac{7}{6}}}) - 1]}^{- 1}

where

χ^{2}

= 0.5

C_{n}^{2} k^{7 / 6} L^{11 / 6}

d = {(\frac{{italickD}^{2}}{4 L})}^{1 / 2}

k = 2 π / λ

. D is the receiver lens aperture diameter, L is the connection distance in meters, depending on turbulence level.…”

Section: Proposed Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mitigation of atmospheric losses using dual‐polarized 16‐QAM MIMO technique in free‐space optical system in various weather conditions

Singh,

Karuppiah

2024

Int J Communication

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SummaryThe technique to overcome the challenge while implementing the fiber optical link is investigated using an alternative optical link called a free‐space optical (FSO) link with advanced modulation and signal processing techniques. A dual‐polarized 16‐quadrature amplitude‐modulated signal is transmitted over single and multi‐FSO channels under various atmospheric attenuation conditions. High bandwidth and data rates (up to 10 Gbps), unlicensed spectrum (above 300 GHz), and simplicity of deployment are significant benefits of the FSO system. However, the weather conditions of haze, rain, and fog cause signal attenuation when the optical carrier wave is transmitted over free space, and atmospheric turbulence is a challenge to FSO implementation, which degrades the transmission performance of optical signals for long‐distance communication. For 120 Gbps data transmission, the performance of a multi‐input and multi‐output (MIMO) FSO system is evaluated by observing the bit error rate (BER) and received signal constellation diagram. Optical signal‐to‐noise ratio (OSNR) parameters were iterated to determine the optimal value for back‐to‐back, single‐input, single‐output (SISO), and MIMO systems. Moreover, we examined the proposed system's output with recent articles, including MIMO, multiplexing, and various modulation techniques. The comparison of results shows that the suggested MIMO‐FSO model has enhanced the performance with the lower BER as less than 3.8 × 10−3 (log of BER is −2.42) forward error correction (FEC) limit for 18.7 km link range in clear air with 0.54 dB/km attenuation, 4.8, 4.5, 1.35, and 0.57 km under haze, light fog, medium, and heavy fog with 4.6, 6.9, 28.9, and 75 dB/km attenuations.

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“…order improved Bessel function of second kind and the following formula are used to calculate parameters α and β depending on atmospheric conditions [25][26][27] :…”

Section: A Mathematical Representation Of the Fso Channelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…

K_{v} (() *)

‐ v th order improved Bessel function of second kind and the following formula are used to calculate parameters

α

and

β

depending on atmospheric conditions 25–27 :

α goodbreak= {[\exp (\frac{0.49 χ^{2}}{{((), 1 goodbreak+ 0.18 d^{2} goodbreak+ 0.56 χ^{\frac{12}{5}})}^{\frac{7}{6}}}) - 1]}^{- 1}

β goodbreak= {[\exp (\frac{0.51 χ^{2} {(1 + 0.69 χ^{\frac{12}{5}})}^{\frac{- 5}{6}}}{{((), 1 goodbreak+ 0.9 d^{2} goodbreak+ 0.62 d^{2} χ^{\frac{12}{5}})}^{\frac{7}{6}}}) - 1]}^{- 1}

where

χ^{2}

= 0.5

C_{n}^{2} k^{7 / 6} L^{11 / 6}

d = {(\frac{{italickD}^{2}}{4 L})}^{1 / 2}

k = 2 π / λ

. D is the receiver lens aperture diameter, L is the connection distance in meters, depending on turbulence level.…”

Section: Proposed Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitigation of atmospheric losses using dual‐polarized 16‐QAM MIMO technique in free‐space optical system in various weather conditions

Singh,

Karuppiah

2024

Int J Communication

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“…Consider a receiver that constantly measures the instantaneous SNR of the receiving pulses, provided that this value is larger than the sensitivity threshold, γ j,th ; other-wise, the link is thought to be interrupted. The probability of the link not being available is estimated through the OP [20,[41][42][43][44][45], P out , provided by the cumulative density function (CDF) of irradiance from the lowest possible SNR value, γ j,min ≡ γ j I j,min = B 2 γ j exp −T 2 sl /2T 2 pw / E I j 2 , up to a given γ j,th [20].…”

Section: Outage Probability Estimationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outage Probability and BER Estimation for FSO Links with Truncated Normal Time Jitter and Longitudinal Gaussian Pulse Propagation in Dispersive Media

et al. 2022

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FSO is one of the most widespread, low-cost, wireless, optical communicational technologies with sufficiently high throughput, transmission reliability, and high-level security. Nevertheless, many fading effects act on the optical pulses used, during their propagation, causing performance degradation. In this work, group velocity dispersion and time jitter, modeled by the truncated normal distribution, are jointly investigated analytically and numerically. The availability of the studied model is expressed in terms of outage probability, while its reliability is given in terms of its average bit error rate, through the derived novel mathematical expressions. To the best of authors’ knowledge, this is the first time that the outage and the BER performance are estimated analytically, through specific approximations, taking into account the abovementioned physical effects. Furthermore, using the obtained mathematical forms, the corresponding numerical results are presented by assuming typical parameter values for realistic FSO links.

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“…Instinctively, the ABER is reciprocally affected by the probability of incorrect detection due to TJ. For single-input, single-output (SISO) systems, this is given by the probability of either an early or a delayed signal arrival, while in SIMO systems the corresponding quantity arises from the joint probability of incorrect detection at all the receivers and is given as [48]:…”

Section: Average Ber Performances Due To Tj Influencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The next part of this analysis concerns the total ABER performance of an individual link, taking all of the above-mentioned effects into account [48]:…”

Section: Individual Total Average Ber Performancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time and Spatial Jitter Influence on the Performance of FSO Links with DF Relays and OC Diversity Over Turbulence Channels

et al. 2021

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FSO communication is a viral technology among optical wireless communications, gathering the interest of both researchers and manufacturers. This is because of the many advantages associated with FSO communication, including high data rates, reliability, safety, and economy. However, there are several unavoidable drawbacks that shadow the performance of FSO systems. For example, atmospheric turbulence is a well-known problem related to the weather conditions of the channel, which causes the scintillation effect. Also, spatial jitter due to pointing errors is a critical factor of the link’s performance, caused by occasional misalignments between the transmitter and the receiver. Moreover, time jitter is another limiting agent that deteriorates the total throughput, inducing bit stream misdetections, caused by the arrival of out-of-sync pulses. All three effects have been exhaustively studied and many statistical models and interesting solutions have been proposed in the literature to estimate their magnitude and compensate for their impact. In this work, the turbulence effect was treated by Málaga distribution, the spatial jitter effect was regulated by the non-zero boresight model, and the time jitter effect was modeled by the generalized Gaussian distribution. Various modulation schemes were studied, along with DF multi-hop and optimal combining diversity techniques at the receiver’s end. New, accurate mathematical expressions of average BER performance have been obtained, and valuable conclusions were drawn thanks to the presented numerical results.

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Time jitter influence on the performance of gamma–gamma turbulence FSO links with various modulation schemes

Cited by 11 publications

References 41 publications

Mitigation of atmospheric losses using dual‐polarized 16‐QAM MIMO technique in free‐space optical system in various weather conditions

Mitigation of atmospheric losses using dual‐polarized 16‐QAM MIMO technique in free‐space optical system in various weather conditions

Outage Probability and BER Estimation for FSO Links with Truncated Normal Time Jitter and Longitudinal Gaussian Pulse Propagation in Dispersive Media

Time and Spatial Jitter Influence on the Performance of FSO Links with DF Relays and OC Diversity Over Turbulence Channels

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