Time-Gating method with automatic calibration for accurate measurements of electrically small antenna radiation patterns in Non-Anechoic environments

Bekasiewicz, Adrian; Kozieł, Sławomir; Czyz, Michal

doi:10.1016/j.measurement.2023.112477

Cited by 10 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 23 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Reset the impulse response to the frequency-domain and select the first K-points of the resulting N-element vector as the corrected response. It should be noted that, although Step 1 is not mandatory, it improves the causality of the impulse response obtained from the measurement data [4], [12], [20]. The TGM correction is repeated for all desired angular locations of the RA-AUT system.…”

Section: A Time-gating Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The TGM correction is repeated for all desired angular locations of the RA-AUT system. Note that the correction algorithm performance highly depends on coefficients such as the frequency resolution ∂ω = ω 2 -ω 1 (associated with the number of points K at which the frequency data has been obtained), but also the number of time-domain samples N, bandwidth around the center frequency of interest B = ω K + ω 1 (which affects the resolution of the signal in the timedomain as ∂t = B -1 ), as well as interval, location, and type of the utilized time-gating window [4], [12], [20]. Here, K = 201, N = 2 log2(K)+3 , and…”

Section: A Time-gating Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The considerations are followed by the description of the procedure oriented towards exploiting multiple measurements for the extraction of far-field characteristics, as well as the introduction of the gain-correction factor based on time-domain analysis of the impulse responses. More comprehensive explanations of the TGM-based concepts can be found in [4], [12], [20].…”

Section: Measurements Correctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In other words, non-anechoic measurements can be performed in locations that are not tailored (in terms of propagation conditions) to far-field experiments such as office rooms, hallways, or courtyards. Alternatively, the tests can be realized in partially controlled environments in the form of e.g., reverberation chambers which isolate the external EM interferences [4]. Unfortunately, the measurements performed in the discussed conditions are subject to substantial EM interferences.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, in [24]- [26], the measurements are performed in anechoic chambers which are not only expensive but also provide environments that do not pose much of a challenge for the correction methods. On the other hand, while validation of antenna performance at nonanechoic test sites has been explored [4], [12], [14], [15], the tests have been performed using expensive, laboratory-grade equipment (i.e., VNAs, radio-frequency cables, professional positioning heads, etc.). One might argue that the mentioned high-performance gear is not necessary for non-ideal measurements as the precision is counterbalanced by the lowquality of the noisy propagation environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

A Low-Cost System for Far-Field Non-Anechoic Measurements of Antenna Performance Figures

et al. 2023

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Prototype measurements are the key step in the development of antenna structures. Typically, their far-field characteristics are validated in expensive, dedicated facilities such as open range sites, or anechoic chambers. Despite being necessary for obtaining high-precision data (e.g., for device qualification), the use of costly infrastructure might not be fully justified when the main goal of measurements includes demonstration of the methodology behind determination of the performance figures of interest (e.g., for the purpose of teaching), or rough validation of the EM simulation model correctness. From this perspective, systems for far-field measurements in non-anechoic environments represent an interesting alternative to the utilization of the state-of-the-art equipment and facilities. Despite their proven usefulness, the mentioned systems are normally constructed around the expensive, laboratory-grade equipment, which contradicts the whole concept of low-cost measurements. This paper discusses a costefficient, mobile system for experimental validation of antennas. Its main components include the in-house developed rotary heads, an open-hardware-based vector network analyzer, and the measurements postprocessing software. The cost of the system amounts to only around 3630 USD. The capabilities of the device have been demonstrated through measurements of two antenna structures. The considered performance figures include radiation pattern and single-direction gain vs. frequency. Comparisons against the measurements performed in benchmark conditions (anechoic chamber), as well as using professional network analyzer have also been provided. Furthermore, the documentation that facilitates the construction of the system components is shared in an online repository.INDEX TERMS Antenna measurements, compact radiators, gain, internet things, non-anechoic measurements, time-gating method, radiation patterns.

show abstract

Section: A Time-gating Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%