Time gating for the elimination of interferences in electrothermal vaporization-inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry

Evaluation of Electrothermal Vaporization, Emission Intensity–Time–Wavelength Measurement and Time Resolution Combined With an Axially Viewed Horizontal Inductively Coupled Plasma Using an Echelle Spectrometer With Wavelength Modulation

“…Reagents and Metals Ar cut-off stream, outer and intermediate gas were 10,15 Concentrated hydrochloric acid (20%) and nitric acid (68%) and 1.0 dm3 min−1, respectively. A Hamamatsu Photonics were of TAMAPURE-AA-100 grade (Tama Chemicals, Tokyo, (Hamamatsu, Japan) Model R955 photomultiplier was used Japan).…”

Magnetron rotating direct current arc using graphite furnace sample introduction for micro solution analysis

“…Numerous studies have investigated the use of electrothermal atomizers in conjunction with both ICP (12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18) and dc arc (19,20) devices. In these systems, the electrothermal atomizer is used to desolvate and vaporize the sample for subsequent introduction into the plasma.…”

Low-Pressure ICP-AES with Electrothermal Vaporizer and a Pneumatic Nebulizer for Aqueous Sample Introduction

“…6 Since the transport efficiency, which can be determined directly by a closed-system trapping method, was reported to be 20 -80%, 8 even very small quantities (1 -20 µl) of the sample solution can be efficiently carried into the plasma. ETV using a graphite furnace 11 or a metal furnace [12][13][14] coupled with ICP has been studied. One of the disadvantages of the graphite furnace is the ease of formation of refractory carbides with several elements.…”