“…Unlike in 1989, these Introduction social movements have global connections and are not organized around political figures. 3 The militarization of the region, the threats to liberalism, and the emergence of new polarized civil societies are the new developments not anticipated in major works conceptualizing postsocialist transitions and transformations. At the war frontiers, the postsocialist pathways that opened after the fall of the Berlin Wall and the disintegration of the USSR are closing.…”