Time for DNA Disclosure

Krane, Dan E.; Bahn, Volker; Balding, David J.; Barlow, Brett M.; Cash, Howard D.; Desportes, B. L.; D’Eustachio, Peter; Devlin, Keith; Doom, Travis E.; Dror, Itiel E.; Ford, Simon; Funk, Christopher; Gilder, Jason R.; Hampikian, Greg; Inman, Keith; Jamieson, Allan; Kent, Paul; Koppl, Roger; Kornfield, Irv; Krimsky, Sheldon; Mnookin, Jennifer L.; Mueller, Laurence D.; Murphy, Erin; Paoletti, David R.; Petrov, Dmitri A.; Raymer, Michael L.; Risinger, D. Michael; Roth, Andrea L.; Rudin, Norah; Shields, William M.; Siegel, Jeff; Slatkin, Montgomery; Song, Yun S.; Speed, T. P.; Spiegelman, Cliff; Sullivan, Patrick J.; Swienton, A. R.; Tarpey, Thaddeus; Thompson, William C.; Ungvarsky, Edward J.; Zabell, Sandy L.

doi:10.1126/science.326.5960.1631

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Access to suitably secure and encrypted database information would enable analyses with an accurate portrayal of relatedness and population substructure. As recommended by Krane et al , increased transparency in database makeup, search procedure, and database access are required for rigorous analyses of forensic methodology [65].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Familial Identification: Population Structure and Relationship Distinguishability

2012

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With the expansion of offender/arrestee DNA profile databases, genetic forensic identification has become commonplace in the United States criminal justice system. Implementation of familial searching has been proposed to extend forensic identification to family members of individuals with profiles in offender/arrestee DNA databases. In familial searching, a partial genetic profile match between a database entrant and a crime scene sample is used to implicate genetic relatives of the database entrant as potential sources of the crime scene sample. In addition to concerns regarding civil liberties, familial searching poses unanswered statistical questions. In this study, we define confidence intervals on estimated likelihood ratios for familial identification. Using these confidence intervals, we consider familial searching in a structured population. We show that relatives and unrelated individuals from population samples with lower gene diversity over the loci considered are less distinguishable. We also consider cases where the most appropriate population sample for individuals considered is unknown. We find that as a less appropriate population sample, and thus allele frequency distribution, is assumed, relatives and unrelated individuals become more difficult to distinguish. In addition, we show that relationship distinguishability increases with the number of markers considered, but decreases for more distant genetic familial relationships. All of these results indicate that caution is warranted in the application of familial searching in structured populations, such as in the United States.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Familial Identification: Population Structure and Relationship Distinguishability

2012

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“…To date the FBI has published no scienti c ndings derived from the NDIS data and has yet to release the data to any in de pen dent scientists for review. 74 The continuing uncertainty about the accuracy of statistical estimates is not a neutral factor in weighing the chances of a false incrimination due to coincidence. Some people mistakenly assume that statistical uncertainty "cancels out"-that is, that the estimates may be too low but also may be too high, so our ignorance of the truth is unlikely to harm criminal defendants.…”

Section: 8 G E N E T I C S I N H U M a N B E H A V I O R A N D C U mentioning

confidence: 99%

15 Forensic DNA Evidence

THOMPSON¹

2012

Genetic Explanations

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“…No one knows for sure, which is why scientists and legal scholars are calling for more access to research government databases. 10 The FBI and several states have thus far refused to comply.…”

Section: By O Sagie K O Basogie a Nd T R Oy Du S Te Rmentioning

confidence: 99%