Time evolved force domination in arc weld pools

Wu, Fan; Falch, Ken Vidar; Guo, Da; English, Paul; Drakopoulos, Michael; Mirihanage, Wajira

doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2020.108534

Cited by 22 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The negative impacts of porosity on the welds are reflected in severely deteriorating the weld products properties, however, this can be mitigated by controlling hydrogen content, air flow rate or the temperature of the environment according to the previously reported results [6]. Besides, thermocapillary force, arc forces, surface tension force and gravity-driven forces have been shown to change not only the flow conditions but also influence behaviour such as pores elimination in fusion-based welding and additive manufacturing processes [9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Effects of melt pool flow on porosity levels in arc welding

Falch

Drakopoulos

et al. 2023

IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng.

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Arc welding is one of the widely used approaches for joining metals. During the arc welding process, an electric arc creates intense heat to fuse metals that forms the melt pool between the parts to be welded together. Intensive flow fields are observable within the fusion weld pools as a result of multiple driving forces. The flow patterns within the melt pool significantly determine the shape of the weld joint and other attributes of the solidified joint, such as microstructure and defects. Porosity is one of the solidification-related defects that can bring a detrimental impact. During the formation and solidification of weld pools, gas bubbles that are formed can be driven in or out from the pool by the flow. In this work, employing in situ synchrotron X-rays, we have observed how different flow conditions and air-liquid interface are contributed to retaining and releasing the gas bubbles that formed during the arc welding. The results suggest that underpinning driving forces, such as electromagnetic forces, act on molten metal to retain the pores inside the weld joints; but, gravity-driven effects can contribute to reduce the porosity, with appropriate process conditions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Effects of melt pool flow on porosity levels in arc welding

Falch

Drakopoulos

et al. 2023

IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng.

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“…In the welding process, the internal flow of the molten pool is the main factor that determines the final fusion shape of the weld, the solidification structure and the formation of defects [1]. Researchers analyzed the characteristics of molten pool vibration under different penetration depths from two aspects: the surface vibration of the molten pool and the flow of molten metal in the molten pool [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Controlled Driving and Spreading Behavior of Molten Pool in Cold Metal Transfer

et al. 2022

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The controlled short-circuit transfer is used to control the heat input of the molten pool and the base metal in the cold metal transfer welding process, including droplet formation, droplet transfer and molten pool flow. Based on the influence of arc pressure on the surface of the molten pool, droplet impact and residual energy on the flow behavior of the molten pool, this research proposes the arc pressure driving model, the droplet impact driving model and the residual energy transfer model on the molten pool surface respectively, and on this basis, a theoretical model of controlled driving and spreading of the cold metal transition bath is proposed. The theoretical relationship between the surface shape of the keyhole and the driving force, and the relationship between the surface shape of the molten pool and the welding current are established. The model accurately predicts the formation width and contact angle of the molten pool in a specific interval, which can better control the welding process and geometry.

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“…Several different, simultaneously acting forces govern the formation and behaviour of the weld pool and affect the final fusion zone shape. These forces, as well as the amount of heat generated in the electric arc, are controlled by the welding parameters, [4][5][6]. Because of complex formation, weld fusion zone often has been a research subject.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fig.12reveals a linear relationship between the fusion zone area (FZA) and welding time when helium was applied as root side purging gas: FZA = 2,0114 WT + 2,7333(6) …”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

Influence of Purging Gas on 316L Stainless Steel Fusion Zone in Autogenous Stationary TIG Welding

2022

Teh. vjesn.

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This research reveals the influence of different purging conditions on the fusion zone dimensions and shape for stationary autogenous TIG welding of 316L stainless steel. Welding experiments were performed for unpurged and purged weld root side for 7, 14 and 21 second arcing time. Purging was executed with ten seconds of pre-flow and 23 seconds of post-flow with 10 l/min Ar and 4 l/min of He. Characteristic fusion zone dimensions were extracted and calculated from photo-macrographs of weld cross-sections. Purging the weld root side by argon increased penetration depth and cross-section area compared to helium. Those benefits of argon purging can be attributed to its low thermal conductivity. Measurement of thermal cycles on the weld root side revealed that peak temperatures were higher by argon purging compared to the presence of helium or air. The fusion zone width exhibited no significant differences regardless of weld root side gas type.

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Time evolved force domination in arc weld pools

Cited by 22 publications

References 36 publications

Effects of melt pool flow on porosity levels in arc welding

Effects of melt pool flow on porosity levels in arc welding

Analysis of Controlled Driving and Spreading Behavior of Molten Pool in Cold Metal Transfer

Influence of Purging Gas on 316L Stainless Steel Fusion Zone in Autogenous Stationary TIG Welding

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