Time Estimation Among Low‐Functioning Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorders: Evidence of Poor Sensitivity to Variability of Short Durations

Brodeur, Darlene A.; Green, Cathryn Gordon; Flores, Heidi; Burack, Jacob A.

doi:10.1002/aur.1364

Cited by 24 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(75 reference statements)

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“…Therefore, the findings are relevant to the hypothesis that ASD is underpinned by a fundamental disturbance to an internal clock mechanism, which is an argument that has gained ground in recent years. However, results in relation to this hypothesis are equivocal, with evidence of intact (Jones et al 2009; Gil et al 2012; Mostofsky et al 2000; Wallace and Happé 2008) and impaired (Allman et al 2011; Brenner et al 2015; Brodeur et al 2014; Falter et al 2012; Karaminis et al 2016; Kargas et al 2015; Maister and Plaisted-Grant 2011; Martin et al 2010; Szelag et al 2004) temporal processing in the millisecond and seconds range. The current study does not support a fundamental timing disturbance in adults with ASD who have no intellectual impairments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two report impairment in children with ASD with a mean age of 10 years (Allman et al 2011; Brodeur et al 2014). However, Allman et al, did not measure IQ in the majority of their comparison group, which means that IQ matching between groups could not be established.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, Allman et al, did not measure IQ in the majority of their comparison group, which means that IQ matching between groups could not be established. Brodeur et al (2014) found evidence of flatter temporal bisection slopes in children with ASD and generally low mental age, indicating less sensitivity to duration. They remark that the shallower slope reflects the findings in younger TD children (McCormack et al 1999) and suggest a developmental delay that partly relates to less well-developed attention mechanisms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As performance requires a timing judgement, the task also provides information on the accuracy of perceptual timing in ASD. Previous research has argued that there is a fundamental timing difficulty in ASD (Allman et al 2011; Brodeur et al 2014; Falter et al 2012; Karaminis et al 2016; Kargas et al 2015; Maister and Plaisted-Grant 2011; Martin et al 2010; Szelag et al 2004). However, this is not a universal finding (Jones et al 2009; Gil et al 2012; Mostofsky et al 2000; Wallace and Happé 2008) and the debate remains open.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Using Time Perception to Explore Implicit Sensitivity to Emotional Stimuli in Autism Spectrum Disorder

Jones

Lambrechts

Gaigg

2017

J Autism Dev Disord

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Establishing whether implicit responses to emotional cues are intact in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is fundamental to ascertaining why their emotional understanding is compromised. We used a temporal bisection task to assess for responsiveness to face and wildlife images that varied in emotional salience. There were no significant differences between an adult ASD and comparison group, with both showing implicit overestimation of emotional stimuli. Further, there was no correlation between overestimation of emotional stimuli and autistic traits in undergraduate students. These data do not suggest a fundamental insensitivity to the arousing content of emotional images in ASD, or in individuals with a high degree of autistic traits. The findings have implications for understanding how emotional stimuli are processed in ASD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Using Time Perception to Explore Implicit Sensitivity to Emotional Stimuli in Autism Spectrum Disorder

Jones

Lambrechts

Gaigg

2017

J Autism Dev Disord

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“…Research on time perception of people with ASD is fairly recent. The most common procedures used are time bisection (Brodeur et al, ), time estimation (Wallace & Happé, ), time production (Wallace & Happé, ), and time reproduction tasks (Brenner et al, ; Szelag et al, ). Although some discrepancies are noted in the results, the general tendency seems to link ASD with difficulties in perception of both short and long durations, regardless of the procedure chosen.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal regulation of children with autism spectrum disorder exposed to a differential‐reinforcement‐of low‐rates schedule

Gaucher

Forget

2020

J Exper Analysis Behavior

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This study investigated temporal adjustment of children with autism spectrum disorder under a differential-reinforcement-of-low-rates (DRL) schedule. Sixteen participants, aged 3.2 to 7 years, were exposed to two conditions, DRL 5 s and DRL 20 s. Children participated in 7 sessions in each condition, except for 1 participant who attained the adjustment criteria in the DRL 5-s schedule. Temporal adjustment was measured with the proportion of reinforced interresponse times (IRTs) and the mean IRT. The operant response was a press on a touch screen and the reinforcers were cartoons. IQ and receptive language were measured prior to the DRL sessions. Results showed that the mean proportion of reinforced IRTs was slightly higher in the DRL 5-s schedule. The mean IRT was above the IRT requirement in both conditions. However, substantial individual variability was observed. Children with higher IQ and receptive language scores presented a greater proportion of reinforced IRTs in both conditions. Moreover, participants who adjusted their responses to the DRL 5-s schedule were more likely to adjust responding to the DRL 20-s schedule. This suggests that some children might be more sensitive to reinforcement contingencies than others. This study points at future research in the field of timing in children.

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Time perception and autistic spectrum condition: A systematic review

et al. 2019

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Problems with timing and time perception have been suggested as key characteristics of autism spectrum condition (ASC). Studies and personal accounts from clinicians, parents, caregivers, and self‐reports from autistic people themselves often refer to problems with time. Although a number of empirical studies have examined aspects relating to time in autistic individuals, there remains no clear consensus on whether or how timing mechanisms may be affected in autism. A key reason for this lack of clarity is the wide range of timing processes that exist and subsequently the wide range of methodologies, research paradigms, and samples that time‐based studies have used with autism populations. In order to summarize and organize the available literature on this issue, a systematic review was conducted. Five electronic databases were consulted. From an initial 597 records (after duplicates were removed), 45 papers were selected and reviewed. The studies are reviewed within different sections based on the different types of timing ability that have been explored in the neurotypical (NT) population: time sensitivity, interval timing, and higher‐order time perception. Within each section cognitive models, methodologies, possible clinical implications, and research results are discussed. The results show different consistency across studies between the three types of timing ability. The highest consistency of results showing atypical time perception abilities is found in high‐level time perception studies. It remains unclear if autism is characterized by a fundamental time perception impairment. Suggestions for future research are discussed. Autism Res 2019, 12: 1440–1462. © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryThis systematic review examines the different types of timing and time perception behavior that have been investigated in autism. Overall, there are a number of studies that show differences between autistic and non‐autistic individuals, but some studies do not find such differences. Group differences are more consistent across studies using complex tasks rather than simpler more fundamental timing tasks. We suggest that experiments across a range of timing tasks would be fruitful to address gaps in our knowledge.

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Time Estimation Among Low‐Functioning Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorders: Evidence of Poor Sensitivity to Variability of Short Durations

Cited by 24 publications

References 29 publications

Using Time Perception to Explore Implicit Sensitivity to Emotional Stimuli in Autism Spectrum Disorder

Using Time Perception to Explore Implicit Sensitivity to Emotional Stimuli in Autism Spectrum Disorder

Temporal regulation of children with autism spectrum disorder exposed to a differential‐reinforcement‐of low‐rates schedule

Time perception and autistic spectrum condition: A systematic review

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