Time-domain simulation of sound production of the sho

Abstract

A physical model based on the sound production mechanism of the sho is proposed with intention of applying it to sound synthesis. Time-domain simulation was done using this model, and effects of the tube length and blowing pressure on the sounding frequency and sounds spectra were investigated. The reed vibration, pressure variation inside the tube, and threshold blowing pressure for oscillation were measured by artificially blowing air into the sho. The experimental results are in acceptable agreement with simulation results in terms of the relationships between tube length and threshold pressure and between tube length and the sounding frequency. In addition, recorded sound waveforms and simulated ones have a common feature in the sense that high-frequency components of their spectra increase with increasing blowing pressure. Further, it is concluded that a sho reed acts as an "outward-striking valve."

Sho-So-In: Control of a Physical Model of the Sho by Means of Automatic Feature Extraction from Real Sounds

“…We refer to this correspondence between pitch and (l, f ) pair as the pitch table. We have already shown in Hikichi et al (2003) that the oscillation condition is satisfied when the resonance frequency of the pipe is lower than the reed frequency. Furthermore, the pipe resonance frequency is about three-fourths of the reed frequency in a real instrument.…”

“…In a previous study (Hikichi et al, 2003), we presented physical parameters to simulate one tube (B4) and compared the simulation with measured results. Typically, a sho has more than 15 sounding pipes, and the appropriate parameter values for each pipe are different.…”

“…Our physical model of the sho is briefly described. A more detailed derivation can be found in Hikichi et al (2003). The basic physical model is described by the following equations:…”

“…A physical model of a sho is used to obtain sonorities that cannot be realized by musical instruments. Our previous paper has shown that the proposed physical sho model has similar physical characteristics to an actual instrument (Hikichi et al, 2003). This paper concentrates on the control issues that relate to creating rich and expressive timbres using this model.…”

Sound timbre control using estimates of room resonance modes

“…Timbre control was conducted using the estimated modes and a sho-type physical model synthesizer [14]. As a source signal, we used a chord sound where several notes sound simultaneously, like real sho sounds.…”