Time domain dielectric spectroscopy: An advanced measuring system

Feldman, Yuri; Andrianov, Alexander A.; Polygalov, E.; Ermolina, I.; Romanychev, G. D.; Zuev, Yuri F.; Milgotin, Bronislava

doi:10.1063/1.1147444

Cited by 105 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…4 shows r np as a function of time after PEF application. As with r cp , r np for the pulsed cells decreased signif- As with previous results for lymphocytes, r np differs from r cp by a factor 1.9-2.0 for the control [13,14]. The ratio between r np and r cp remained between 1.8 and 2.0 after pulsing.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 85%

“…We used a Time Domain Spectrometer (IDC Expertise, UK), as shown in Fig. 1 [14]. TDDS is based on transmission line theory in the time domain [14].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 [14]. TDDS is based on transmission line theory in the time domain [14]. A low voltage ( 200 mV), rapidly increasing (40-50 ps) voltage step arrives at a sampling head, where the signal reflected from the dielectric sample (cell suspension) is also measured.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A low voltage ( 200 mV), rapidly increasing (40-50 ps) voltage step arrives at a sampling head, where the signal reflected from the dielectric sample (cell suspension) is also measured. TDDS uses the lumped capacitance approximation [14], which considers the sample holder as a capacitor with a complex permittivity that is determined by comparing the reflected signal of the sample to two standards (open and short circuit loads). We used a thermostat (Julabo, US) to maintain the temperature of the sample holder at 25°C to be consistent with past experiments [10,17,18].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 [10][11][12]. We note that this model has also been referred to as a ''three-shell model'' [13]; however, we follow the two-shell nomenclature Feldman et al TDDS can rapidly obtain dielectric spectra over a wide frequency range with uncertainties on the order 3-5% and 5-7% for the real and imaginary components of the permittivity [14], which are similar to frequency domain systems [15]. We previously used TDDS to study PEF-induced changes in HL-60 suspension conductivity due to single microsecond or nanosecond PEFs [16] and multiple nsPEFs [17].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Ultrashort electric pulse induced changes in cellular dielectric properties

Garner

Chen

et al. 2007

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications

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The interaction of nanosecond duration pulsed electric fields (nsPEFs) with biological cells, and the models describing this behavior, depend critically on the electrical properties of the cells being pulsed. Here, we used time domain dielectric spectroscopy to measure the dielectric properties of Jurkat cells, a malignant human T-cell line, before and after exposure to five 10 ns, 150 kV/cm electrical pulses. The cytoplasm and nucleoplasm conductivities decreased dramatically following pulsing, corresponding to previously observed rises in cell suspension conductivity. This suggests that electropermeabilization occurred, resulting in ion transport from the cell's interior to the exterior. A delayed decrease in cell membrane conductivity after the nsPEFs possibly suggests long-term ion channel damage or use dependence due to repeated membrane charging and discharging. This data could be used in models describing the phenomena at work. Ó 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Keywords: Dielectric spectroscopy; Nanosecond pulsed electric fields; Electroporation; Permeabilization; Plasma membrane; Time domain; Intracellular manipulation; Ultrashort pulsesThe permeability of the cell membrane to external molecules can be dramatically increased by applying pulsed electric fields (PEFs) above a threshold voltage [1]. The mechanism behind this electropermeabilization is electroporation, or pore formation in the cell membrane, and usually occurs for PEFs with electric fields on the order of a few kV/cm and pulse durations on the order of 0.1-10 ms. With the appropriate combination of these parameters, electroporation is irreversible and the membrane breaks down, which is desirable for applications ranging from bacterial decontamination to food processing [2]. Many applications require temporarily opening the cell membrane to normally impermeant molecules, such as electrochemotherapy and gene therapy [3]. Applying pulses with higher field strength (50-300 kV/cm) and shorter duration (10-300 ns) do not fully charge the cell membrane and instead interact primarily with the membranes of intracellular organelles [4]. These nanosecond duration PEFs (nsPEFs) cause intracellular calcium release [5,6] and apoptosis-induction in cell suspensions and in vivo tumors [5,7,8]. To better understand the mechanisms involved, attempts to develop mathematical models are underway 0006-291X/$ -see front matter Ó

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 85%

“…We used a Time Domain Spectrometer (IDC Expertise, UK), as shown in Fig. 1 [14]. TDDS is based on transmission line theory in the time domain [14].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ultrashort electric pulse induced changes in cellular dielectric properties

Garner

Chen

et al. 2007

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications

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Electrical Properties of Polymers

Riande

Díaz‐Calleja

2013

Handbook of Measurement in Science and Engineering

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The physics underlying the response of condensed matter to static and alternating electric force fields is briefly described. The relation between polarization and static electric fields leading to the estimation of the dipole moments of isolated polymer chains is progressively developed. Attention is paid to the dependence of the polarity of polymer chains on their chemical structure. The variation of the complex dielectric permittivity with the frequency of the perturbing electric field is studied at several temperatures above and below the glass transition temperature of polymers. It is shown that only in the case that the dipole moment scales with chains length, the dielectric relaxation spectra exhibits at low frequencies the normal mode relaxation arising from chains disentanglements. Relaxation spectra of polymers are profoundly affected by the development of order in these systems. The structures that make polymers suitable to be used as semiconductors, electronic and ionic conductors as well as actuators, are described. Moreover, the usefulness and performance of polymers in these endeavors are discussed. Finally, comments are made on the electrical breakdown in electrical isolating polymers.

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