Time dilations in bound muon decay

A study of micro space-time theory and time dilation in bound muon decay

“…We show the results of the theoretical decay rate changing with the atomic number Z in Table 1, where R exp is the experimental value of the muon decay rate [43]. It can be observed that the experimental values R exp decreases as the atomic number Z increases, and the theoretical values are close to the experimental values when Z is less than 20.…”

“…After a lot of data fitting and carefully considered other works (H. Überall [37] and D. Apsel [43], etc), we find ã = αZ,…”

“…Later a progress made by considering the nuclear recoil effect, which produced a better outcome that generally followed the trend of variation [42]. Another result gave the ratio R = 1 − (αZ) 2 1/2 − (αZ) 2 [43], where α = e 2 /cℏ is the fine structure constant.…”

“…However, the subsequent calculations were not only inconsistent with the experiments, and for heavy elements, it comes up to additional errors. The decay rate of bound muons has been a topic of much research [34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48]. Various theories have been proposed to explained this phenomenon, such as the phase space effect, the time dilation effect and Coulomb interaction.…”

Angular Nonradial vs. Usual Radial Potential Energy Quotient

“…Not all redshifts are due to expansion [19]. Besides the three (classical) possible sources for the redshifts of astronomical objects (namely: Doppler effect, cosmological redshift and the [radial] gravitational redshift [20]), the electromagnetic redshift [21] and the new, distinct relativistic redshift that was found theoretically [22], the angular nonradial effect causes nonradial gravitational redshift. Actually, it causes two formally independent redshifts: the tangential and binormal one [6] that complement the usual radial redshift predicted by the GTR.…”