Time-dependent perezone production in different culture systems of Acourtia cordata

Abstract

Perezone, a sesquiterpenic benzoquinone with diverse medicinal properties, accumulates in the roots of Acourtia species. In this time-dependent study, the production of perezone was followed in A. cordata culture systems of plants kept in vitro or acclimated and grown in pots. Perezone was characterized by several analytical methods, using the crystallized compound isolated from roots of wild plants as standard. A procedure was developed for its selective quantification, which considers the specific bathochromic shift of the absorbance band in the visible region between the spectra of perezone in its non-ionic and ionic forms, with intensity directly proportional to concentration. In vitro, perezone was recovered from A. cordata roots in average amounts of 5.21 mg g−1 dry weight. Contrastingly, in plants under ex vitro conditions, perezone in roots increased logarithmically, rising from an average of 2.4 mg g−1 dry weight at the 12th week, to 43.6 mg g−1 dry weight at the 31st week, an amount comparable to wild plants. These findings show the feasibility of in vitro and ex vitro culture systems to propagate and conserve the germplasm of perezone-producing Acourtia plants, and a fast and reliable method for the quantification of this valuable compound.

Computational Characterization of Perezone, Isoperezone and their Sulfur‐Derivatives: Anti‐inflammatory Activity.

“…It is convenient to highlight that the absolute configuration ( R ), at C8 for perezone ( Acourtia ) has been experimentally established . Consequently, it was decided to develop the present study taking into account only the R stereoisomers, for the target molecules summarized in Figure .…”

Cooperative Recognition of Ni2+ Triggered by Fluoride Ions in Naturally Occurring α-Hydroxyquinone Derivatives

“…The oxyanionic form is derived from internal proton donors such as the (−OH) group at the C2 position, which, in the presence of strong bases, give a purple color, with the intensity being directly proportional to the amount of perezone. 44 No appreciable interaction is observed in the UV/vis spectra when a solution of nickel perchlorate was added. It is noteworthy that the bathochromic effect has been appreciated by other authors with topaquinone (a 6-substituted 2-hydroxy-1,4- p -benzoquinone) when it was reacted in the presence of a base, indicating a change in the conjugation attributed to the oxyanionic form.…”

“…Perezone 1 is an orange solid that has one broad transition band at λ max = 408 nm, in accordance with previous reports on the starting material; this very broad, low-energy band at λ = 390–415 nm provides information about the molecule’s delocalization system and gives perezone its characteristic color; it may be the product of n−π* transition of the quinone carbonyl groups. 44 Modifications to 1 at the quinonic moiety can be observed by the naked eye, as the pyrrolyl perezone derivatives 2–4 were all purple. The first comparison of compounds 1 and 2 is shown in Figure 1 , where the UV/vis spectra are overlapped.…”

“…For compound 1 , it is known that α-hydroxyquinones act as weak acids, the p K a value of which was calculated as <6, showing −OH deprotonation in alkaline solutions − which translated into a strong bathochromic shift (from λ max = 400 to 550 nm). The oxyanionic form is derived from internal proton donors such as the (−OH) group at the C2 position, which, in the presence of strong bases, give a purple color, with the intensity being directly proportional to the amount of perezone . No appreciable interaction is observed in the UV/vis spectra when a solution of nickel perchlorate was added.…”

Establecimiento in vitro de Fragariax ananassa var. Aroma a partir de yemas de corona

“…En la introducción in vitro de segmentos foliares de dos grados de maduración diferentes de las variedades de fresa, Oso Grande y Sweet Charlie, en medios de cultivo suplementados con tidiazuron y ácido indolbutírico, se determinó en aquellas que procedían de tejido juvenil y en la combinación de 0,002 mg l -1 y 0,2 mg l -1 de tidiazuron e IBA, respectivamente (Pillco-Tancara & Quezada-Portugal, 2017). En la inducción de respuestas morfogénicas de Acourtia cordata a partir de plántulas germinadas in vitro, en MS, sacarosa y agar de 30 y 4 g l -1 + auxinas y citocininas a 5 y 0,5 mg l -1 , se detectó 0,2% de contaminación y sin explantes en estado de oxidación (Gómez-Serrano et al, 2010). Durante la propagación in vitro, uno de los problemas a enfrentar es el establecimiento, debido al proceso de oxidación de los explantes, que causa un oscurecimiento del tejido, en especial en las especies leñosas (Azofeifa-Delgado, 2009), que se produce en todos los tejidos frente a un estrés abiótico, como un sistema de defensa del explante (Hernández & González, 2010); otro es, la contaminación por hongos, que depende del tipo de desinfectante que se utilice; así, al utilizar hipoclorito de sodio, éste no controló comparado al bicloruro de mercurio donde su porcentaje fue menor y depende de la concentración y el tiempo de exposición (García et al, 2015), una forma de reducir la contaminación por hongos, es la aplicación de fungicidas a las plantas donadoras (Bogado et al, 2016); asimismo, se tiene que ver la composición del medio, la especie, condiciones ambientales y los reguladores de crecimiento (Twaij et al, 2020).…”