Time-dependent interfacial failure in metallic alloys

Pfaendtner, J.A.; Muthiah, Ranjani C.; Liu, C.T.; McMahon, C.J.

doi:10.1016/s0921-5093(98)00977-0

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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Section: Grain Boundary Embrittlementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 14 represents a partial view of the periodic table of elements where copper is highlighted together with the position of its stronger, well-established, embrittling segregants. Note that oxygen counts among embrittling species 109,158,209,251,252 . This has the important consequence that copper and its alloys can be embrittled by interaction with the atmosphere; evidence of this can be found in Fig.…”

Section: The Embrittlement Of Coppermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given time to diffuse, therefore, the embrittling species may (further) lower the grain boundary cohesion and drive crack propagation, ending in fracture (indeed, a priori one would expect species that lower the local modulus, and hence the local bond strength, to migrate to a stressed region). This phenomenon is called "dynamic embrittlement", defined as fracture resulting from the stress-induced diffusion of an embrittler to the tip of an intergranular crack, reducing the strength of the grain boundary and promoting intergranular fracture 130,131,208,209,263,[311][312][313][314][315][316][317] ; see Ref. 318 for a recent review.…”

Section: Solid Metal Embrittlementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is a dependence of the embrittlement phenomenon on the prior time-temperature history of the material: this is simply related to the need for the embrittling species to migrate to the grain boundary or other site of fracture initiation for it to have an effect. 8,199,203,[206][207][208][209][210][211] Because decreasing temperature tends to increase the segregation driving force and decrease the segregation rate (which is generally limited by the rate of diffusion of atoms, either in the bulk or along grain boundaries), segregation effects are most visible in a certain intermediate range of temperatures. It was thus found in one semi-quantitative study of copper-nickel-tin alloys that impurity-associated embrittlement can result from prior exposure to temperatures above the temperature of tensile testing: the dependence of embrittlement on annealing time and temperature showed the classical 'nose' shape on a TTT diagram.…”

Section: Grain Boundary Embrittlementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Embrittling elements are many in copper alloys. These include: Bi, 10,21,146,214,216, Te, 10,21,244,245 S, 10,21,106,130,143,178,186,[246][247][248][249][250] Sn, 11,21,200,206,208 O, 109,158,209,251,252 Sb, 21,200,218,233,251,[253][254][255][256][257][258] Pb, 10,21,259 and Se 10,21,245 as well as C and, in some but not all instances, P. 21,145,174 Gavin ranks their potency in the order of (most to least potent) Bi, Te, Pb, Se, S. 10 Putting together data from the literature, the ductility trough of copper and its alloys indeed wide...…”

Section: Embrittlement Of Coppermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intermediate temperature embrittlement of copper alloys

Laporte¹,

Mortensen²

2009

International Materials Reviews

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Copper and its alloys generally display a severe reduction in ductility between roughly 300°C and 600°C, a phenomenon variously called "intermediate temperature embrittlement" or "ductility trough behaviour". This review of the phenomenon begins by placing it in the wider context of the high-temperature fracture of metals, showing how its occurrence can be rationalized in simple terms on the basis of what is known of intergranular creep fracture and dynamic recrystallisation. Data in the literature are reviewed to identify main causes and mechanisms for embrittlement, first for pure copper, and then for monophase and multiphase copper alloys. Coverage then turns to the "grain boundary embrittlement" phenomenon, caused by the intergranular segregation of even minute quantities of alloying additions or impurities, which appears to worsen dramatically the intermediate temperature embrittlement of copper alloys. Finally, metal-induced embrittlement, including in particular liquid metal embrittlement, is presented as a second mechanism leading to an exacerbation of the intermediate temperature embrittlement of copper and its alloys.

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