Time Dependent Hadronic Modeling of Flat Spectrum Radio Quasars

Diltz, C.; Böttcher, M.; Fossati, G.

doi:10.1088/0004-637x/802/2/133

Cited by 75 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The solutions of FP equations in each zone are based on the work by Diltz et al (2015). The general form of the FP equation is…”

Section: Code Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While the original one-zone hadronic code in Diltz et al (2015) is very comprehensive, including all details of pion production, γ-γ interactions, explicit muon and pion evolution, etc., in this paper, we will restrict the parameters to a regime in which the proton energy losses and radiative outputs are strongly dominated by proton synchrotron emission, thus neglecting photo-pion and photo-pair production processes, and following only the electron and proton evolution. In this way, the photon transfer between each zone will not affect the particle evolution.…”

Section: Code Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to verify the validity of our multi-zone hadronic radiation transfer approach, we compare the results of the one-zone code of Diltz et al (2015) to the results obtained with 3DHad+3DPol. We consider two sets of parameters for the quiescent state, Set 1 and 2, as listed in Table 1.…”

Section: Comparison With One-zone Codementioning

confidence: 99%

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Radiation and Polarization Signatures of the 3d Multizone Time-Dependent Hadronic Blazar Model

Zhang

Diltz

Böttcher

2016

ApJ

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We present a newly developed time-dependent three-dimensional multi-zone hadronic blazar emission model. By coupling a Fokker-Planck based leptohadronic particle evolution code 3DHad with a polarization-dependent radiation transfer code, 3DPol, we are able to study the time-dependent radiation and polarization signatures of a hadronic blazar model for the first time. Our current code is limited to parameter regimes in which the hadronic γ-ray output is dominated by proton synchrotron emission, neglecting pion production. Our results demonstrate that the time-dependent flux and polarization signatures are generally dominated by the relation between the synchrotron cooling and the light crossing time scale, which is largely independent of the exact model parameters. We find that unlike the low-energy polarization signatures, which can vary rapidly in time, the high-energy polarization signatures appear stable. As a result, future high-energy polarimeters may be able to distinguish such signatures from the lower and more rapidly variable polarization signatures expected in leptonic models.

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“…The solutions of FP equations in each zone are based on the work by Diltz et al (2015). The general form of the FP equation is…”

Section: Code Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Code Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Radiation and Polarization Signatures of the 3d Multizone Time-Dependent Hadronic Blazar Model

Zhang

Diltz

Böttcher

2016

ApJ

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“…Radiative emission in the most common scenarios either comes from a region inside the relativistic jet (e.g. Mannheim 1993;Dermer & Atoyan 2001;Mücke & Protheroe 2001;Dimitrakoudis et al 2012;Bosch-Ramon et al 2012;Böttcher et al 2013;Mastichiadis et al 2013;Petropoulou et al 2015;Diltz et al 2015 or from interactions of escaping hadrons along the path from the source to Earth (e.g. Essey & Kusenko 2010;Essey et al 2011;Dermer et al 2012;Murase et al 2012;Tavecchio 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expected signatures from hadronic emission processes in the TeV spectra of BL Lacertae objects

Zech

Cerruti

Mazin

2017

A&A

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Context. The wealth of recent data from Imaging Air Cherenkov telescopes (IACTs), ultra-high energy cosmic-ray experiments and neutrino telescopes have fuelled a renewed interest in hadronic emission models for γ-loud blazars. Aims. We explore physically plausible solutions for a lepto-hadronic interpretation of the stationary emission from high-frequency peaked BL Lac objects (HBLs). The modelled spectral energy distributions are then searched for specific signatures at very high energies that could help to distinguish the hadronic origin of the emission from a standard leptonic scenario. Methods. By introducing a few basic constraints on parameters of the model, such as assuming the co-acceleration of electrons and protons, we significantly reduced the number of free parameters. We then systematically explored the parameter space of the size of the emission region and its magnetic field for two bright γ-loud HBLs, PKS 2155-304 and Mrk 421. For all solutions close to equipartition between the energy densities of protons and of the magnetic field, and with acceptable jet power and light-crossing timescales, we inspected the spectral hardening in the multi-TeV domain from proton-photon induced cascades and muon-synchrotron emission inside the source. Very-high-energy spectra simulated with the available instrument functions from the future Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) were evaluated for detectable features as a function of exposure time, source redshift, and flux level. Results. A range of hadronic scenarios are found to provide satisfactory solutions for the broad band emission of the sources under study. The TeV spectrum can be dominated either by proton-synchrotron emission or by muon-synchrotron emission. The solutions for HBLs cover a parameter space that is distinct from the one found for the most extreme BL Lac objects in an earlier study. Over a large range of model parameters, the spectral hardening due to internal synchrotron-pair cascades, the "cascade bump", should be detectable for acceptable exposure times with the future CTA for a few nearby and bright HBLs.

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“…Careful modeling of the photo-hadronic processes ensures that at least the radiative transfer problem can be now treated adequately. This is done with the help of numerical codes (e.g., [5,18,19]) that take into account the many physical processes operating in such a system.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consequences of Proton Acceleration in Blazar Jets

Mastichiadis

2016

Galaxies

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Hadronic models of blazar emission constitute an interesting alternative to the more popular leptonic ones. Using the BL Lac object Mrk 421 as a characteristic example, we present two distinct ways of modeling the spectral energy distribution of blazars in the hadronic context, and we discuss the predictions of each variant on the spectral shape, the multi-wavelength variability, the cosmic-ray flux, and the high-energy neutrino emission. Focusing on the latter, we then present an application of the hadronic model to individual BL Lacs that were recently suggested to be the counterparts of some of the IceCube neutrinos.

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Time Dependent Hadronic Modeling of Flat Spectrum Radio Quasars

Cited by 75 publications

References 40 publications

Radiation and Polarization Signatures of the 3d Multizone Time-Dependent Hadronic Blazar Model

Radiation and Polarization Signatures of the 3d Multizone Time-Dependent Hadronic Blazar Model

Expected signatures from hadronic emission processes in the TeV spectra of BL Lacertae objects

Consequences of Proton Acceleration in Blazar Jets

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