Time-Dependent Effect of Oral Morphine Consumption on the Development of Cytotrophoblast and Syncytiotrophoblast Cells of the Placental Layers during the Three Different Periods of Pregnancy in Wistar Rats

Dehghani, Leila; Sahraei, Hedayat; Meamar, Rokhsareh; Kazemi, Majid

doi:10.1155/2013/974205

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(32 reference statements)

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“…Recent publications have confirmed that oral morphine exposure of pregnant rats affects the normal development of the placenta: increased the placenta concentration of corticosterone, increased the thickness of the maternal part of the placenta, and significantly decreased the thickness of the placenta and the lacuna number in the embryonic part (Kazemi et al., , ; Dehghani et al., ). Time‐dependent effects of oral morphine exposure can inhibit the development and natural functioning of cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast cells of the placental layers; morphine acting as a mitogenic stimulus for cytotrophoblast cells.…”

Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Time‐dependent effects of oral morphine exposure can inhibit the development and natural functioning of cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast cells of the placental layers; morphine acting as a mitogenic stimulus for cytotrophoblast cells. The defect in the normal development of placenta leads to either abnormal fetal development or miscarriage (Dehghani et al., ).…”

Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Update of the Scientific Opinion on opium alkaloids in poppy seeds

Knutsen¹,

Alexander²,

Barregård³

et al. 2018

EFS2

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Poppy seeds are obtained from the opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.). They are used as food and to produce edible oil. The opium poppy plant contains narcotic alkaloids such as morphine and codeine. Poppy seeds do not contain the opium alkaloids, but can become contaminated with alkaloids as a result of pest damage and during harvesting. The European Commission asked EFSA to provide an update of the Scientific Opinion on opium alkaloids in poppy seeds. The assessment is based on data on morphine, codeine, thebaine, oripavine, noscapine and papaverine in poppy seed samples. The CONTAM Panel confirms the acute reference dose (ARfD) of 10 lg morphine/kg body weight (bw) and concluded that the concentration of codeine in the poppy seed samples should be taken into account by converting codeine to morphine equivalents, using a factor of 0.2. The ARfD is therefore a group ARfD for morphine and codeine, expressed in morphine equivalents. Mean and high levels of dietary exposure to morphine equivalents from poppy seeds considered to have high levels of opium alkaloids (i.e. poppy seeds from varieties primarily grown for pharmaceutical use) exceed the ARfD in most age groups. For poppy seeds considered to have relatively low concentrations of opium alkaloids (i.e. primarily varieties for food use), some exceedance of the ARfD is also seen at high levels of dietary exposure in most surveys. For noscapine and papaverine, the available data do not allow making a hazard characterisation. However, comparison of the dietary exposure to the recommended therapeutical doses does not suggest a health concern for these alkaloids. For thebaine and oripavine, no risk characterisation was done due to insufficient data. However, for thebaine, limited evidence indicates a higher acute lethality than for morphine and the estimated exposure could present a health risk.

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Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Update of the Scientific Opinion on opium alkaloids in poppy seeds

Knutsen¹,

Alexander²,

Barregård³

et al. 2018

EFS2

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show abstract

“…Placenta plays an essential role in fetal development, any kind of placental dysfunction leads to abnormalities in the growth and development of the embryo [13], [14]. The placenta in mammals is the most important channel for the exchange of materials between the maternal and fetal blood [15]. Investigations were carried on collected liver, kidney and placenta as follow:…”

Section: Experimental Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Dietary Supplement Intake (Yeast Tablets) on Pregnant Albino Rats and Their Fetuses (Implications of Yeast Tablets on Rats & Fetuses)

Omar

El-Din

Abdelrahman

et al. 2018

Braz. arch. biol. technol.

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Histopathological studies in placenta, liver, kidney, apoptotic DNA damage and p53 mutation estimation of pregnant rats and their offspring exposed to dietary supplement yeast tablets, were carried out. Pregnant female albino rats were orally administrated yeast tablets at concentration 41.1 mg/kg during gestation period. Hematoxylin and eosin stained sections were used for examination. Neutral comet assay was performed to assess the apoptotic DNA damage and single strand conformational analysis was performed to screen the mutations inductions in p53 exons 7 and 8. Statistical analysis is applied to found the relation of apoptotic fraction in liver, kidney and placenta of pregnant rats and their offspring. Oral administration of yeast tablets to pregnant rats induced histopathological alterations in the hepatic, kidney tissues of both mothers and fetuses and placenta tissues. In addition, it induced apoptotic DNA damage as revealed by the significant elevations in apoptotic fractions (p<0.001) in liver and kidney tissues of both treated rats and their fetuses and even in the placenta (p<0.001). On contrary, no any mutation was induced in p53 exons 7 and 8 by yeast administration either in pregnant rats or their fetuses examined organs. The histopathological changes and apoptotic DNA damage recorded in female rats and fetus's tissues which can result in definite hormonal and atrophic effects on adult rats and the fetuses, the possibility of early or late physiological effects in the mature and progeny under the administration of yeast tablets must be taken into consideration.

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“…The widespread abuse of narcotic drugs and their side effects, especially on the nervous system of fetus of pregnant women, has led to numerous researches in this field. Previous studies showed that morphine consumption during pregnancy can delay the normal development of placenta [8][9][10][11]. According to research on the fetus of pregnant women, most of the opioid-related disorders are caused by defects in normal development of fetus central nervous system (CNS) [7,9,[12][13] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Embryonic Central Nervous System Development under Morphine Influence in Pregnant Rats as the Epigenetic Factor

Kazemi

2014

ARRB

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Excessive use of narcotic drugs, especially its effect on the central nervous system (CNS) development of the embryos, has given rise to numerous studies in this field. According to the previous studies, morphine consumption during pregnancy can cause a delay in normal development of placenta and embryo. Based on the studies conducted on pregnant mothers 'embryo most abnormalities caused by morphine consumption are related to normal development defects of the embryo's (CNS). Drug consumption is one of the factors that involve in epigenetic modifications. Epigenetic bioenvironmental effects such as incompetent nutrition, maladies, infections, stressors and drugs consumption, are some of instances that affect safety and genesis of embryo's (CNS). Survey of epigenetic changes role in normal genesis of embryo's (CNS), is inclusive of world new researches. Identity of different factors of epigenetic modifications is effective in embryo's (CNS) health. Changes induced by epigenetic factors can be moderated or reversed by controlling the epigenetic factors. Based on studies, major epigenetic modifications are relevant to DNA methylation and histone modifications. Most important way in prevention from maladies and malformations that result from epigenetic modifications is recognition of epigenetic factors. This paper is a review of the studies on morphine's role in the abnormal development of different parts of an embryo's nervous system .These abnormalities are mainly visible in opioid-dependent mothers and fetuses and include brain nuclei, brain ventricles, choroid plexus, cerebellum, spinal cord, and vision, olfaction , taste deficiencies and epigenetic.

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Time-Dependent Effect of Oral Morphine Consumption on the Development of Cytotrophoblast and Syncytiotrophoblast Cells of the Placental Layers during the Three Different Periods of Pregnancy in Wistar Rats

Cited by 11 publications

References 15 publications

Update of the Scientific Opinion on opium alkaloids in poppy seeds

Update of the Scientific Opinion on opium alkaloids in poppy seeds

Evaluation of Dietary Supplement Intake (Yeast Tablets) on Pregnant Albino Rats and Their Fetuses (Implications of Yeast Tablets on Rats & Fetuses)

Embryonic Central Nervous System Development under Morphine Influence in Pregnant Rats as the Epigenetic Factor

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