Time Dependence of Chromosomal Aberrations Induced in Human and Monkey Lymphocytes by Acute and Fractionated Exposure to 60 Co

Abstract

Changes in the numbers of peripheral lymphocytes with chromosome aberrations were observed in cynomolgus monkeys after fractionated or acute 60Co irradiation at the same total doses. Immediately after irradiation, the yield of dicentrics decreased when the dose was fractionated but remained constant for 20 to 80 days, depending on the dose, when irradiation was acute. Lymphopenia was greater than expected when the dose was fractionated. The kinetics of the loss of chromosome aberrations and the changes in peripheral lymphocyte count occurring in monkeys after acute irradiation were compared to those observed in accidentally irradiated men.

How radiation-specific is the dicentric assay?

“…Ž . Guedeney et al 1988 also provide supporting evidence. The authors repeatedly measured dic rates of three individuals who had been accidentally exposed to cobalt-60 and iridium-192 gamma radiation.…”

“…1983a;Takatsuji et al, 1983;Edwards et al, 1986 , dose-Ž rate Brewen and Luippold, 1971;Purrott and Reeder, 1976;Bauchinger et al, 1979;Lloyd et al, 1984;Fabry, . Ž 1986;Guedeney et al, 1988, energy spectra Neary et al, 1967Neary et al, 1972;Schmid et al, . Ž .…”

Indirect Genotoxic Effect of Gamma Rays in Human Peripheral Lymphocytes.

“…Gamma rays directly induced the CA in human lymphocytes (Brandriff et al 1988, Lefrancois et al 1989, Lijima and Morimoto 1991, Milkovic-Kraus et al 1992, Huber et al 1992, Kosaka et al . 1995, Sing et al 1995, Kasai et al 1996, Chambrette et al 1996, Garcia-Sagredo et al 1996, in human chorionic villi (Salvi et al 1993), in Macaca mulatta lymphocytes (Guedeney et al 1988), in cynomolgus peripheral lymphocytes (Guedeney et al 1989), in rhesus monkey (Van Buul 1989) and in mouse (Sjoblom et al 1995, Zang 1995. It is shown that gamma rays directly and indicrectly affected the DNA and caused to chromosome mutation.…”

Lymphocyte function following radioiodine therapy in patients with thyroid carcinoma

“…Unfortunately, a side effect of the irradiation focused on the thyroid during radioiodine therapy is unintended low dose ionizing radiation on other organs such as the immune system. However, while there is plenty of data on the effect of photons on immune function (1,4,12), the effect of beta rays -as used in radioiodine therapy remains largely unknown. We are aware of only one study where the effect of beta and gamma rays plus anti-CD66 monoclonal antibody (rhenium 188-CD66 mAb) on the secretion of tumour necrosis factor alpha, a proinflammatory cytokine, was determined (23).…”

“…In terms of X-rays, it had been described that already two minutes after whole body irradiation with 0.25 Gy the peripheral lymphocytes of cynomolgus monkeys showed chromosomal aberrations (12). After direct in vitro irradiation with 2.2 Gy the T lymphocytes showed reduced reagibility to mitogenic substances such as phyto haemagglutinin or concanavalin A or specific antigens like tuberculin (purified protein derivate, PPD) (1).…”