Time Dependence of 50–250 MeV Galactic Cosmic-Ray Protons between Solar Cycles 24 and 25, Measured by the High-energy Particle Detector on board the CSES-01 Satellite

Martucci, M.; Ammendola, Roberto; Badoni, D.; Bartocci, S.; Battiston, R.; Beolè, S.; Burger, W. J.; Campana, D.; Castellini, G.; Cipollone, P.; Coli, S.; Conti, L.; Contin, A.; Cristoforetti, Marco; D’Angelo, Giulia; Donato, C. De; Santis, C. De; Luca, Andrea Di; Follega, F. M.; Gebbia, Giuseppe; Iuppa, R.; Lega, Alessandro; Lolli, M.; Marcelli, N.; Masciantonio, G.; Мерге, М.; Mese, Marco; Neubüser, C.; Nozzoli, F.; Oliva, A.; Osteria, G.; Pacini, Lorenzo; Palma, F.; Palmonari, F.; Panico, B.; Parmentier, Alexandra; Perciballi, S.; Perfetto, F.; Picozza, P.; Pozzato, M.; Rebustini, Gianmaria; Ricci, M.; Ricciarini, S.; Savino, Umberto; Sahnoun, Z.; Scotti, V.; Sotgiu, Alessandro; Sparvoli, R.; Ubertini, P.; Vilona, Veronica; Vitale, V.; Zoffoli, Simona; Zuccon, P.; Aslam, O. P. M.; Ngobeni, Donald; Potgieter, M. S.

doi:10.3847/2041-8213/acbea7

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…The HCS tilt angle represents the misalignment of the magnetic dipole axis of the Sun with respect to the solar rotational axis and is one of the best proxies for modulation of charged particles in cosmic rays because its time variations are related globally to the solar magnetic field. A deep discussion on these results can be found in Martucci et al [17].…”

Section: Some Resultsmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…The payload is optimized to measure electrons in the 3-100 MeV energy range, and protons between ∼30 and 300 MeV, as well as light nuclei. The HEPD-01 capabilities for various Space Weather topics have already been assessed in [5], Martucci et al [16], [19], Piersanti et al [23] and Martucci et al [17]. More technical details can be found in [2, 3,22,28].…”

Section: Pos(icrc2023)1280mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Solar physics between the 24th and 25th solar cycles: observation and results from the High-Energy Particle Detector (HEPD-01) onboard the CSES-01 satellite

Martucci¹

2023

Proceedings of 38th International Cosmic Ray Conference — PoS(ICRC2023)

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Galactic cosmic rays, as well as particles accelerated to high energies either at the solar surface or in the interplanetary medium, are subject to a wide variety of phenomena that can modify their energy distribution, intensity and composition over different time-scales. These effects are greater in the low-energy portion of the spectrum, and it is crucial to have instruments that are able to monitor energy intervals as low as possible and for a prolonged period of time. After the seminal results of successful space-borne missions, past (PAMELA) and present (AMS-02), the China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite (CSES-01) mission -in particular the High-Energy Particle Detector (HEPD-01) -aims to continue such studies, well into the 25th solar cycle and beyond. HEPD-01, launched in February 2018, is a light and compact payload suitable for measuring electrons (3-100 MeV), protons (30-250 MeV), and light nuclei (up to a few hundreds of MeV) with a high energy resolution and a wide angular acceptance. The very good capabilities in particle detection and identification, together with the Sun-synchronous orbit, make this instrument very well suited for low-energy studies; moreover, being HEPD-01 just the first of a network of similar detectors that will be lunched in the forthcoming years, the evolution of particles inside the Sun-Earth environment is going to be fully investigated. The latest results on the long-term solar modulation of protons and helium nuclei and on impulsive phenomena like Solar Energetic Particle (SEP) events and Forbush decreases, are presented.

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Section: Some Resultsmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Pos(icrc2023)1280mentioning

confidence: 99%

Solar physics between the 24th and 25th solar cycles: observation and results from the High-Energy Particle Detector (HEPD-01) onboard the CSES-01 satellite

Martucci¹

2023

Proceedings of 38th International Cosmic Ray Conference — PoS(ICRC2023)

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“…It turns out that the recent solar activity minimum around 2020 is comparable with the minimum between Solar Cycles 23 and 24 in the sense that the Sun was again rather quiet, also in terms of the tilt α of HCS, the magnitude of the HMF, and the GCR spectra that were observed. See the recent reports of proton spectra observed at lower rigidity before and during 2020 by Bartocci et al (2020) and Martucci et al (2023).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of Cosmic-Ray Antiprotons in the Heliosphere: Simulations for a Solar Cycle

Aslam¹,

Potgieter

Luo³

et al. 2023

ApJ

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The precision measurements of galactic cosmic-ray protons from the Payload for Antimatter Matter Exploration and Light-nuclei Astrophysics and the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer are reproduced using a well-established three-dimensional numerical model for the period 2006 July–2019 November. The resulting modulation parameters are applied to simulate the modulation for cosmic antiprotons over the same period, which includes the times of minimum modulation before and after 2009, the maximum modulation from 2012 to 2015, including the reversal of the Sun’s magnetic field polarity, and the approach to new minimum modulation in 2020. Apart from their local interstellar spectra, the modulation of protons and antiprotons differ in their charge sign and consequent drift pattern. The lowest proton flux was in 2014 February–March, but the lowest simulated antiproton flux is found to have been in 2015 March–April. These simulated fluxes are used to predict the proton-to-antiproton ratios as a function of rigidity. The trends in these ratios contribute to clarifying, to a large extent, the phenomenon of charge-sign dependence of heliospheric modulation during vastly different phases of the solar activity cycle. This is reiterated and emphasized by displaying so-called hysteresis loops. It is also illustrated how the values of the parallel and perpendicular mean free paths, as well as the drift scale, vary with rigidity over this extensive period. The drift scale is found to be at its lowest level during the polarity reversal period, while the lowest level of the mean free paths is found to be in 2015 March–April.

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“…Galactic Cosmic Ray Observations with HEPD-01 Alessandro Sotgiu on the proton results achieved by HEPD-01 can be found in [14] and [15] or during the presentation, together with the first results of the helium analysis.…”

Section: Pos(icrc2023)114mentioning

confidence: 99%

Galactic Cosmic Ray Observations with the High Energy Particle Detector (HEPD-01) on board the CSES-01 Satellite

Sotgiu¹,

Panico²

2023

Proceedings of 38th International Cosmic Ray Conference — PoS(ICRC2023)

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The High-Energy Particle Detector (HEPD-01) is one of the payloads onboard the China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite (CSES-01), launched in February 2018 and still operating. The detector is a light and compact payload suitable for measuring electrons (3-100 MeV), protons (30-300 MeV), and light nuclei (up to a few hundred MeV/nucleon). The wide angular acceptance of HEPD-01, and the polar orbit of the satellite, allow for the measurement of galactic particle spectra also on a daily basis for protons. We present here some results concerning the measurement of galactic proton spectra between 40 and 250 MeV, together with a first preliminary measurement of galactic helium nuclei between 60 and 200 MeV/nucleon, obtained from the data collected in the first months of flight. The data-analysis techniques used to reconstruct helium fluxes are presented for the first time, and the clear particle separation of the two species inside the detector is shown. A comparison of HEPD-01 data with theoretical spectra obtained with Monte Carlo model is also presented. Proton-to-helium flux ratio at different energies is particularly important as the mass-to-charge ratio of the two particles is very different and it is a good probe for the study of cosmic-ray propagation and injection spectra.

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Time Dependence of 50–250 MeV Galactic Cosmic-Ray Protons between Solar Cycles 24 and 25, Measured by the High-energy Particle Detector on board the CSES-01 Satellite

Cited by 7 publications

References 61 publications

Solar physics between the 24th and 25th solar cycles: observation and results from the High-Energy Particle Detector (HEPD-01) onboard the CSES-01 satellite

Solar physics between the 24th and 25th solar cycles: observation and results from the High-Energy Particle Detector (HEPD-01) onboard the CSES-01 satellite

Modulation of Cosmic-Ray Antiprotons in the Heliosphere: Simulations for a Solar Cycle

Galactic Cosmic Ray Observations with the High Energy Particle Detector (HEPD-01) on board the CSES-01 Satellite

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