Time Delay of Acoustic Transmission in Human Middle Ear

Hato, Naohito; Gyo, Kiyofumi; Stenfelt, Stefan; Welsh, Joseph T.; Goode, Richard L.

doi:10.1142/9789812703019_0007

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…In human temporal bone ossicular delay is well known and was altered in studies by Hato and colleagues (Hato et al , 2003). They measured the velocity delay between the umbo and stapes before and after fixation of the incus at both the MIJ and incus-stapes joint.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ossicular motion related to middle ear transmission delay in gerbil

Rochefoucauld¹,

Kachroo²,

Olson³

2010

Hearing Research

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The middle ear transmits sound efficiently from the air in the ear canal (EC) to the fluid filled cochlea. In gerbil, middle ear transmission produces a constant pressure gain between the EC and the cochlea of ~ 25 dB from 2 to 40 kHz, and a delay-like phase corresponding to a ~25 -30 μs delay. The mechanisms by which the air-born signal is collected and delivered to the cochlea are not thoroughly understood, and the source of the delay is controversial. We investigated these issues by observing ossicular motion along a single line of sight, roughly parallel to the EC and perpendicular to the stapes footplate. Measurements were made at the umbo, the lateral process of the manubrium, across the malleus-incus joint, at the long process of the incus, and the stapes head. While the overall delay between EC pressure and stapes velocity was fairly constant with frequency, subcomponents of the delay were frequency dependent. Up to ~ 17 kHz, most of the overall delay was between the EC and umbo with a much smaller contribution along the ossicles, whereas in the range from ~17 to 30 kHz, more of the overall delay was along the ossicles.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ossicular motion related to middle ear transmission delay in gerbil

Rochefoucauld¹,

Kachroo²,

Olson³

2010

Hearing Research

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“…, 93 Such a mechanism would explain not just the presence of the inter-ossicular articulations but also the otherwise paradoxical capability of the mammalian middle ear to transmit acoustic energy at very high frequencies. A phase lag has indeed been measured in human middle-ear transmission from umbo to stapes, and this is reduced by experimental fixation of the ossicular joints 94 . However, the predictions of the transmission line hypothesis are only upheld in the gerbil middle ear at frequencies from 5 to 35 kHz, not at lower or higher frequencies, 95 suggesting that things are not this simple.…”

Section: Effects Of Flexibility In Vertebrate Earsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…A phase lag has indeed been measured in human middle-ear transmission from umbo to stapes, and this is reduced by experimental fixation of the ossicular joints. 94 However, the predictions of the transmission line hypothesis are only upheld in the gerbil middle ear at frequencies from 5 to 35 kHz, not at lower or higher frequencies, 95 suggesting that things are not this simple.…”

Section: Flexibility Within the Middle Ear Of Vertebratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexibility within the middle ears of vertebrates

Mason

Farr

2012

J. Laryngol. Otol.

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Introduction and aims: Tympanic middle ears have evolved multiple times independently among vertebrates, and share common features. We review flexibility within tympanic middle ears and consider its physiological and clinical implications.Comparative anatomy: The chain of conducting elements is flexible: even the 'single ossicle' ears of most nonmammalian tetrapods are functionally 'double ossicle' ears due to mobile articulations between the stapes and extrastapes; there may also be bending within individual elements.Simple models: Simple models suggest that flexibility will generally reduce the transmission of sound energy through the middle ear, although in certain theoretical situations flexibility within or between conducting elements might improve transmission. The most obvious role of middle-ear flexibility is to protect the inner ear from high-amplitude displacements.Clinical implications: Inter-ossicular joint dysfunction is associated with a number of pathologies in humans. We examine attempts to improve prosthesis design by incorporating flexible components.

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