Time-Delay-Integration Imaging Implemented With Single-Photon-Avalanche-Diode Linear Array

Kong, Xiangshun; Mao, Cheng; Hu, Xuemei; Yan, Feng

doi:10.1109/jsen.2020.3041532

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 19 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…While remote sensing cameras acquiring scene images at a rapid motion, time delay and integration (TDI) is a typical imaging mode that used to reduce image motions. Recently, many types of sensors with TDI are demonstrated [1], [2], and their verifications and applications were also carried out [3]- [5]. For M-stages TDI, it first captures the moving signal shortly-exposed from a scene for M times, then accumulates these signals to obtain high-contrast, reduced motion-effects TDI images, the signal-noise ratio (SNR) of which is increased by √ M times.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Improved Fourier-Mellin Transform-Based Registration Used in TDI-CMOS

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Time-delayed integration (TDI) is a common imaging mode used in airborne cameras to compensate for image motion. The paper presents an improved Fourier-Mellin transform (FMT)-based registration method, which can be used to realize the registration-based TDI. It first analyzes the noise influences on the FMT spectrum by comparing the curve changes in the standard-deviation versus column plots under the various intensity of noise, then designs a special filter called WCSDF according to the amount of variation of each column in the FMT spectrum, which can reduce the noise affection on registration process to the larger extent. And an improved FMT-based registration method is finally proposed to form a framework of registration-based TDI. In computer simulations, the proposed method shows a significant improvement in robustness to noise (noise level up to 40). Compared with the existing method, its low computational complexity makes the method easy to be implemented in hardware and can estimate the larger relative shifts among dim noisy images, moreover, the TDI images generated by the proposed framework have higher quality in the index of information entropy, average gradient, and spatial frequency response.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Improved Fourier-Mellin Transform-Based Registration Used in TDI-CMOS

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

A Novel Anti-ESD-Enhanced Single Photon Avalanche Diode for Industry-Level Fluorescence Detection

Wang,

Zhong,

Jin

et al. 2023

IEEE Sensors J.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Comparative Analysis of Free-Running and Gating Imaging Modes of SPAD Sensors

Sun,

Yan,

et al. 2024

Photonics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) is a photon-counting sensor renowned for its exceptional single-photon sensitivity. One significant feature of SPADs is their non-linear response to light, making them ideal for high-dynamic range imaging applications. In SPAD imaging, the photon detection mode, which depends on the quenching method employed, is crucial for optimizing image quality and dynamic range. This paper examines the free-running and gating imaging modes, evaluating their impacts on photon capture and saturation limits. Given that the number of incident photons follows a Poisson distribution, we introduce an innovative imaging-quenching model based on statistical mathematics. We designed and fabricated two SPAD imaging sensors using 180 nm CMOS technology. Image processing and evaluation were conducted using a mapping method. Our results show that in low-light conditions, the gating mode surpasses the free-running mode in the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). However, the free-running mode exhibits a saturation limit of more than an order of magnitude higher than that of the gating mode, demonstrating its superior capability to handle a broader range of light intensities. This paper provides a thorough analysis of the differences between the two imaging methods, incorporating the theoretical mathematical model, circuit characteristics, and computed imaging quality.

show abstract

Time-Delay-Integration Imaging Implemented With Single-Photon-Avalanche-Diode Linear Array

Cited by 3 publications

References 19 publications

An Improved Fourier-Mellin Transform-Based Registration Used in TDI-CMOS

An Improved Fourier-Mellin Transform-Based Registration Used in TDI-CMOS

A Novel Anti-ESD-Enhanced Single Photon Avalanche Diode for Industry-Level Fluorescence Detection

Comparative Analysis of Free-Running and Gating Imaging Modes of SPAD Sensors

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About