Time course of the changes in the level of endogenous growth regulators during the stratification of the seeds of the ‘Panenské české’ apple

Kopecky, F.; Šebánek, J.; Blažková, Jarmila

doi:10.1007/bf02920965

Cited by 18 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…In accordance with earlier reports (4,10,12,17), our results clearly indicate that endogenous IAA is low when germinability increases and visible germination starts. The level of IAA increased in rose achenes in a manner similar to that during germination of Pinus silvestris and Acer platanoides seeds, which were released from dormancy (15,17) and of Phaseolus vulgaris and Zea mays seeds, which do not possess dormancy (15).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Decreases in the levels of auxins in apple seeds during a time course were strikingly similar to those of growth inhibitors during cold stratification (10 IAA diminishes both in cold and warm stratified embryos of Acer platanoides and have suggested that there is more direct relationship between IAA content and germination-growth than between IAA content and dormancy breakage (17). For these reasons, the possible role of IAA in these processes is controversial.…”

Section: Abstrac1mentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Decreases in the levels of auxins in apple seeds during a time course were strikingly similar to those of growth inhibitors during cold stratification (10). The endogenous IAA content in Acer tartaricum seeds was maintained at a high level throughout cold stratification, but decreased dramatically prior to visible germination (12).…”

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confidence: 91%

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Levels of Endogenous Indole-3-acetic Acid in Achenes of Rosa rugosa during Dormancy Release and Germination

Tillberg¹

1984

Plant Physiol.

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ABSTRAC1Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in highly purified extracts of rose achenes (Rosa rugosa var rubra) was quantified by means of ion-pair reversephase high performance liquid chromatography with spectrofluorimetric detection. Changes in IAA content were determined during a 14-week 4°C stratifiation, which leads to dormancy breakage, and during subsequent germination at 17C. IAA was also determined in achenes stratified in parallel at 17°C, which does not induce release from dormancy. IAA decreased during the first 2 weeks of stratification both at 4C and at 17°C. IAA remained low during the remaning 12 weeks of stratification at 4°C, whereas it continued to decrease in achenes kept at 17C. An immediate increase in IAA during germination was followed by transients in the IAA level. The results suggest that IAA is without a regulating role in dormancy release although it seems to be involved in the germination process.Hormonal regulation of dormancy breakage and germination are believed to be affected by an interplay between endogenous promotors and inhibitors. As these two processes commonly overlap each other in time, it may be difficult to judge if the observed hormonal changes are linked to one or the other process. Rose achenes, however, seem to be a suitable study material, since the period during which embryo dormancy is broken is well separated from the subsequent germination period (16), which is blocked by germination inhibitors (8). In two recent studies from our laboratory, changes in the levels of cytokinins and ABA in achenes of Rosa rugosa have been reported. A transient increase of cytokinin-like substances appeared early during cold stratification and another during germination suggesting that they are involved in both processes (9), whereas ABA was shown to play only a passive role, if any, in the regulation of dormancy release and germination (16). The present report describes changes in IAA levels in the same material and discusses its role in these processes.There are reports suggesting that IAA is involved as an inhibitor in the regulation of dormancy whereas the effect of auxin on germination has long been in dispute. Decreases in the levels of auxins in apple seeds during a time course were strikingly similar to those of growth inhibitors during cold stratification (10 IAA diminishes both in cold and warm stratified embryos of Acer platanoides and have suggested that there is more direct relationship between IAA content and germination-growth than between IAA content and dormancy breakage (17). For these reasons, the possible role of IAA in these processes is controversial. The purpose of the present investigation was to determine the dynamics of IAA during cold stratification at 4°C and during germination induced by transfer to 17°C after a 14-week stratification period. Controls were conducted in parallel at 17C, which does not break dormancy. As preliminary experiments with the indolo-a-pyrone method gave low yields of IAA, a more sensitive method, HPLC with fluorescence detector, was a...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Abstrac1mentioning

confidence: 87%

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Levels of Endogenous Indole-3-acetic Acid in Achenes of Rosa rugosa during Dormancy Release and Germination

Tillberg¹

1984

Plant Physiol.

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“…Also Mousdale and Knee (1981) observed an important drop in IAA level in apple seeds during fruit ripening down to an insignificant value in mature seeds. On the other hand, Kopecky et al (1975) noted a certain auxin-like activity in partly cold-stratified apple seeds. The absence of free IAA in dormant seeds and in seeds submitted to cold treatment was finally confirmed 20 years later (Dziewanowska and Lewak 1987).…”

Section: Auxinsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Metabolic control of embryonic dormancy in apple seed: seven decades of research

Lewak

2010

Acta Physiol Plant

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Embryonic dormancy is defined as a set of blocks imposed upon a process(es) cardinal for growth. In apple seeds, all these blocks are removed as a result of cold treatment (stratification), but some of them are also affected by light and/or hormonal treatments. This review summarizes published data related to the modes of action of above factors on the changes in the levels of endogenous hormones and some other plant growth regulators (e.g., hydrogen cyanide), and on certain enzymes involved in mobilization of seed reserves and catabolism of their hydrolysis products. Phytochrome and activities of acid lipase and a protease have been indicated as receptors of light and low temperature, respectively. Several chains of events initiated by these two environmental factors and leading to dormancy removal are proposed, and the sites of their control by hormones and HCN are indicated. These chains are postulated to contribute to the elimination of particular blocks that hinder germination and therefore to be involved in the mechanisms of dormancy breakage.

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“…however, without success. In contrast, in some cases auxin-like compounds were found in germinating or ready-to-germinate seeds (apple- Kopecky et aT., 1975;Acer platanoides-Tomaszewska, 1976). It seems that the role of IAA in dormancy may be restricted to some species (including Acer tataricum but it is not as common as that of ABA.…”

Section: The Inhibitor Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 90%

Hormones in Seed Dormancy and Germination

Lewak¹

1985

Hormonal Regulation of Plant Growth and Development

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Time course of the changes in the level of endogenous growth regulators during the stratification of the seeds of the ‘Panenské české’ apple

Cited by 18 publications

References 8 publications

Levels of Endogenous Indole-3-acetic Acid in Achenes of Rosa rugosa during Dormancy Release and Germination

Levels of Endogenous Indole-3-acetic Acid in Achenes of Rosa rugosa during Dormancy Release and Germination

Metabolic control of embryonic dormancy in apple seed: seven decades of research

Hormones in Seed Dormancy and Germination

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