Time course of exhaled hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide during chemotherapy

Abstract

This study was designed to assess the effect of differential leukocyte depletion during chemotherapy by monitoring the levels of exhaled hydrogen peroxide H 2 O 2 and nitric oxide (FeNO) present.In 39 patients with lung cancer (chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder up to stage II, median forced expiratory volume in one second 78% predicted), measurements were performed before a cycle of therapy (day 1), at least once during the cycle (day 8: n534; day 15: n519), and afterwards (days 21-29).There were significant changes in the level of H 2 O 2 , FeNO and peripheral blood cell differentials over the visits. The level of H 2 O 2 was decreased only on day 15, with a median (difference between the upper and lower quartiles) fall of 31 (57)%, while FeNO was reduced only on day 8, by 22 (40)%. Neutrophil numbers were unchanged on day 8 and decreased by 59 (48)% on day 15, while monocyte numbers were decreased on day 8 by 87 (39)%. On days 21-29, values had returned to baseline.Taken together with previous findings, the parallel course of levels of exhaled hydrogen peroxide and neutrophil counts suggests that a major part of exhaled hydrogen peroxide is due to neutrophils via the conducting airways. In contrast, the production of exhaled nitric oxide seems to be primarily associated with monocytes.

Exhaled biomarkers in lung cancer

“…Another study confirmed the observation of increased levels of FeNO and extended it demonstrating tumour-restricted tyrosine nitration in patients with cancer without increased NO synthase expression, suggesting an alteration of NO metabolism in the lungs of patients with cancer [46]. Other studies demonstrated a decrease in FeNO due to chemo-or radiotherapy in lung cancer [47,48]. Considering the wide range of FeNO in healthy subjects and the confounding effect of tobacco smoking on FeNO level, the described mediator increase is not likely to be able to discriminate patients with lung cancer from those without.…”

“…The conclusion of the study was that oxidative stress occurs during lung resection, as higher H 2 O 2 concentration was found after lobectomy compared to baseline. In another study, the effect of chemotherapy was assessed on exhaled H 2 O 2 concentration in lung cancer patients, showing a significant decrease in this biomarker level by treatment [48]. No difference was found in the concentration of EBC 8-isoprostane between patients with lung cancer and control subjects [95].…”

Evaluation of anti-asthmatic and antioxidant potential of Boerhavia procumbens in toluene diisocyanate (TDI) treated rats

“…Hyperactivity of airways induced with ROS elicits the histamine release from mast cells and mucous secretion from epithelial cells (Lee et al, 2011). During acute asthma exacerbation these changes are associated with cell shedding, enhanced release of arachidonic acid and chemo-attractants (Calabrese et al, 2000) and increased release of hydrogen peroxide and nitrous oxide during exhale (Wewel et al, 2006;Nagaraja et al, 2012).…”

Messung der Atemwegsentzündung in der pneumologischen Praxis - Anwendung und Interpretation

“…NO ist schneller und leichter messbar, bei Vorschulkindern häufig die einzige Möglichkeit, die Atemwegsentzündung zu erfassen. [46], die durch neutrophile Granulozyten im Rahmen der unspezifischen Entzündung erzeugt werden [47].…”